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arXiv 1203.2181astro-ph.GA
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双极流出中的分子

Molecules in Bipolar Outflows

Mario Tafalla, Rafael Bachiller

摘要:

双极外流构成了研究星际介质中冲击化学的最佳实验室。在外流气体中,一些分子种类的丰度增加了几个数量级,这可能是尘埃地幔破裂和高温气体化学作用的综合结果,因此成为冲击中发生的物理变化的敏感指标。因此,识别这些物种并了解它们的化学行为对于化学研究和我们对恒星形成过程的理解都具有很高的兴趣。在这里,我们回顾了一些最近的进展,在双极外流的分子组成的研究,重点在示踪剂最相关的冲击化学。正如我们所讨论的,在表征某些流出物的分子组成以及模拟可能涉及的化学过程方面都取得了快速进展。然而,一些限制仍然影响我们对流出化学的理解。这些问题包括观测中的统计方法非常有限,以及模型对平面平行激波的依赖性,而平面平行激波不能再现所观测到的线的机翼形态。我们通过讨论所谓的极高速度分量的化学来完成我们的贡献,这似乎与其他流出物不同,可能起源于原恒星附近的风。

英文摘要:

Bipolar outflows constitute some of the best laboratories to study shock chemistry in the interstellar medium. A number of molecular species have their abundance enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the outflow gas, likely as a combined result of dust mantle disruption and high temperature gas chemistry, and therefore become sensitive indicators of the physical changes taking place in the shock. Identifying these species and understanding their chemical behavior is therefore of high interest both to chemical studies and to our understanding of the star-formation process. Here we review some of the recent progress in the study of the molecular composition of bipolar outflows, with emphasis in the tracers most relevant for shock chemistry. As we discuss, there has been rapid progress both in characterizing the molecular composition of certain outflows as well as in modeling the chemical processes likely involved. However, a number of limitations still affect our understanding of outflow chemistry. These include a very limited statistical approach in the observations and a dependence of the models on plane-parallel shocks, which cannot reproduce the observed wing morphology of the lines. We finish our contribution by discussing the chemistry of the so-called extremely high velocity component, which seems different from the rest of the outflow and may originate in the wind from the very vicinity of the protostar.

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