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arXiv 1203.0773astro-ph.EP
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具有非定常阻力系数的快星际气体流在action下的轨道演化

Orbital evolution under the action of fast interstellar gas flow with non-constant drag coefficient

P. Pastor

摘要:

由星际气体流引起的球形尘埃粒子的加速取决于阻力系数,对于给定的粒子和星际气体流,阻力系数是尘埃粒子相对于星际气体的相对速度的特定函数。当星际气体流引起的加速度对中心恒星的引力有微小扰动时,我们研究了尘埃粒子的运动。本文给出了任意轨道方向的尘埃粒子在星际气体流加速度作用下的开普勒轨道根数的长期时间导数。对于具有恒定阻力系数的星际气体流加速和具有线性变化阻力系数的加速,尘埃粒子的半长轴是时间的递减函数。对于变阻力系数的星际气体流动加速,半长轴的减小较慢。确定了半长轴减小的最小值和最大值。在平面情况下,当星际气体流速位于粒子轨道平面内时,轨道总是接近近日点处测得的星际气体流速矢量横向分量最大值的位置。由长期时间导数导出的轨道演化性质与运动方程的数值积分结果一致。如果星际气体的流动速度比尘埃粒子的速度大得多,那么阻力系数对尘埃粒子相对于星际气体的相对速度的依赖性的线性近似,对于实际上任意(不接近于零)的分子速度比(马赫数)值都是可用的。

英文摘要:

The acceleration of a spherical dust particle caused by an interstellar gas flow depends on the drag coefficient which is, for the given particle and flow of interstellar gas, a specific function of the relative speed of the dust particle with respect to the interstellar gas. We investigate the motion of a dust particle in the case when the acceleration caused by the interstellar gas flow represent a small perturbation to the gravity of a central star. We present the secular time derivatives of the Keplerian orbital elements of the dust particle under the action of the acceleration from the interstellar gas flow for arbitrary orbit orientation. The semimajor axis of the dust particle is a decreasing function of time for an interstellar gas flow acceleration with constant drag coefficient and also for such an acceleration with the linearly variable drag coefficient. The decrease of the semimajor axis is slower for the interstellar gas flow acceleration with the variable drag coefficient. The minimal and maximal values of the decrease of the semimajor axis are determined. In the planar case, when the interstellar gas flow velocity lies in the orbital plane of the particle, the orbit always approaches the position with the maximal value of the transversal component of the interstellar gas flow velocity vector measured at perihelion. The properties of the orbital evolution derived from the secular time derivatives are consistent with numerical integrations of the equation of motion. If the interstellar gas flow speed is much larger than the speed of the dust particle, then the linear approximation of dependence of the drag coefficient on the relative speed of the dust particle with respect to the interstellar gas is usable for practically arbitrary (no close to zero) values of the molecular speed ratios (Mach numbers).

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