目前正在SNOLAB建造的DEAP-3600探测器的设计目的是使所有来源的本底率极低,包括39 Ar β衰变、中子散射(来自内部和外部来源)、表面α污染和氡。概述了检测器及其灵敏度。
英文摘要:
The DEAP-3600 detector, currently under construction at SNOLAB, has been designed to achieve extremely low background rates from all sources, including 39Ar beta decays, neutron scatters (from internal and external sources), surface alpha contamination and radon. An overview of the detector and its sensitivity are presented.
DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) dark matter detector, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada, which started taking data in 2016. The detector is sensitive to nuclear recoils induced by scattering of dark matter particles, which would cause emission of prompt scintillation light. DEAP-3600 demonstrated excellent performance, holds the leading WIMP exclusion among LAr detectors, and published several physics results. The WIMP sensitivity of the detector is currently limited by backgrounds induced by alpha activity at the LAr inlet, in a shadowed region of detector. …
DEAP-3600实验使用3.6吨液态氩进行灵敏的暗物质搜索,在100 GeV的WIMP质量下,对自旋无关的WIMP-核子截面的灵敏度为$10^{-46}$ cm $^2$。这种高灵敏度是可以实现的,这是由于大的目标质量和非常低的背景,在球形丙烯酸检测器的设计,以及在独特的SNOLAB设施在萨德伯里,加拿大。利用脉冲形状鉴别技术从WIMP产生的核反冲信号中剔除电磁背景。我们在2015年初开始在探测器内部使用真空和后来的气体进行调试。氩气填充预计在2015年冬季进行。本文介绍了DEAP-3600实验的概况和现状,重点是探测器背景的控制和缓解。
Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB
DEAP-3600是一个单相液氩(LAr)直接探测暗物质实验,在SNOLAB(加拿大萨德伯里)地下2公里处运行。该探测器由3279公斤的LAr包含在一个球形丙烯酸容器。本文报告了在运行的第一年期间,在231个存活日期间,对758吨\cdot日暴露量进行的分析。在所关注的WIMP搜索区域中没有观察到候选信号事件,这导致在90\% C下对于100 GeV/c $^{2}$(1 TeV/c $^{2}$)WIMP质量,LAr靶上WIMP-核子自旋无关截面的领先极限为$3.9\times10^{-45}$ cm $^{2}$($1.5\times10^{-44}$ cm $^{2}$)。L.除了一个详细的背景模型,该分析表明,最好的脉冲形状歧视在LAr阈值,采用贝叶斯光电子计数技术,以提高能量分辨率和歧视效率,并利用两个位置重建算法的基础上PMT电荷和光子到达时间。
Backgrounds in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Experiment
位于SNOLAB的DEAP-3600实验正在用单相液态氩(LAr)靶寻找暗物质。对于3000 kg $\cdot$/年的无本底曝光,在100 GeV/c $^2$ WIMP质量下,对自旋无关WIMP-核子截面的投影灵敏度为10 $^{-46}$ cm $^{2}$。暗物质相互作用的实验特征是keV级的氩反冲产生128 nm的LAr闪烁光子,这些光子被波长移动并被255个PMT观察到。为了达到大的无背景曝光,使用仔细的材料选择、被动屏蔽、主动否决、基准化和脉冲形状鉴别(PSD)的组合。DEAP-3600中背景抑制的主要概念是强大的PSD,利用LAr闪烁光的快和慢分量之间的巨大差异。DEAP-3600的设计背景水平为在3000 kg $\cdot$/年暴露中小于0.6起事件。该实验于2016年11月完成,目前正在获取暗物质搜索数据。
In-situ Surface Contamination Removal and Cool-down Process of the DEAP-3600 Experiment
DEAP-3600实验是一个单相探测器,使用3600公斤液态氩在加拿大萨德伯里的SNOLAB寻找暗物质。地下对于100 GeV的WIMP质量,对自旋无关的WIMP-核子截面的投影灵敏度为$10^{-46}$ cm $^{2}$。一个关键的实验要求是减少任何可能模仿暗物质信号的背景源。本文将回顾如何通过使用表面修整机器人从探测器的最内部去除500微米的丙烯酸来原位减少放射性表面背景。此外,它将审查瞬态冷却过程的实验,必要的,以达到低温工作温度。
Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data
DEAP-3600探测器搜索3.3吨液态氩靶上散射的暗物质粒子的闪烁信号。最大的背景来自$^{39}$ Ar β衰变,并使用脉冲形状鉴别(PSD)来抑制。我们使用了两种类型的PSD算法:的闪烁分数,它认为在一个狭窄的和宽的时间窗口周围的事件峰值的闪烁信号的分数,和对数似然比,它比较观察到的光子到达时间的信号和背景模型。我们还使用两种算法来确定在给定时间检测到的光子数:(1)简单地将每个PMT脉冲的电荷除以单个光电子的电荷,以及(2)基于闪烁脉冲形状和光检测器中的后脉冲的模型,考虑在给定时间检测到一定数量的光子的概率的可能性分析。如果光子探测时间不受探测器效应的影响,则该分数近似地执行对数似然比PSD算法。我们解释了这一结果使用的闪烁光子作为一个函数的时间时,他们被检测到的信息模型。
The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) Collaboration is developing liquid-noble bubble chambers for the quasi-background-free detection of low-mass (GeV-scale) dark matter and coherent scattering of low-energy (MeV-scale) neutrinos (CE$ν$NS). The first physics-scale demonstrator of this technique, a 10-kg liquid argon bubble chamber dubbed SBC-LAr10, is now being commissioned at Fermilab. This device will calibrate the background discrimination power and sensitivity of superheated argon to nuclear recoils at energies down to 100 eV. A second functionally-identical detector with a focus on radi…
We discuss several low-energy backgrounds to sub-GeV dark matter searches, which arise from high-energy particles of cosmic or radioactive origin that interact with detector materials. We focus in particular on Cherenkov radiation, transition radiation, and luminescence or phonons from electron-hole pair recombination, and show that these processes are an important source of backgrounds at both current and planned detectors. We perform detailed analyses of these backgrounds at several existing and proposed experiments based on a wide variety of detection strategies and levels of shielding. We …