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开普勒观测到的行星候选者,III:前16个月数据的分析

Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data

Natalie M. Batalha, Jason F. Rowe, Stephen T. Bryson, Thomas Barclay, Christopher J. Burke, Douglas A. Caldwell, Jessie L. Christiansen, Fergal Mullally, Susan … 展开作者

Natalie M. Batalha, Jason F. Rowe, Stephen T. Bryson, Thomas Barclay, Christopher J. Burke, Douglas A. Caldwell, Jessie L. Christiansen, Fergal Mullally, Susan E. Thompson, Timothy M. Brown, Andrea K. Dupree, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Eric B. Ford, Jonathan J. Fortney, Ronald L. Gilliland, Howard Isaacson, David W. Latham, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Samuel Quinn, Darin Ragozzine, Avi Shporer, William J. Borucki, David R. Ciardi, Thomas N. Gautier, Michael R. Haas, Jon M. Jenkins, David G. Koch, Jack J. Lissauer, William Rapin, Gibor S. Basri, Alan P. Boss, Lars A. Buchhave, David Charbonneau, Joergen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Bruce D. Clarke, William D. Cochran, Brice-Olivier Demory, Edna Devore, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Mark Everett, Francois Fressin, John C. Geary, Forrest R. Girouard, Alan Gould, Jennifer R. Hall, Matthew J. Holman, Andrew W. Howard, Steve B. Howell, Khadeejah A. Ibrahim, K. Kinemuchi, Hans Kjeldsen, Todd C. Klaus, Jie Li, Philip W. Lucas, Robert L. Morris, Andrej Prsa, Elisa Quintana, Dwight T. Sanderfer, Dimitar Sasselov, Shawn E. Seader, Jeffrey C. Smith, Jason H. Steffen, Martin Still, Martin C. Stumpe, Jill C. Tarter, Peter Tenenbaum, Guillermo Torres, Joseph D. Twicken, Kamal Uddin, Jeffrey Van Cleve, Lucianne Walkowicz, William F. Welsh

摘要:

新的凌日行星候选者是在开普勒太空船16个月(2009年5月至2010年9月)的数据中确定的。近5000个周期性的凌日信号经过天体物理和仪器误报的审查,产生了1,091个可行的新行星候选者,使总数超过2300个。采用改进的审查指标,有助于提高目录的可靠性。最值得注意的是对来自差异图像分析的多四分之一照片中心偏移进行噪声加权鲁棒平均,该分析可以识别可能的背景食二进制。为了确定每一个新候选人的特征,使用了22个月的光度测定。星历表(凌日历元,T_0和轨道周期,P)以及光变曲线模型的产品:约化半径(Rp/R*),约化半长轴(d/R*),和碰撞参量(b)制成表格。最小的候选行星(小于2 Re的候选行星为197%,大于2 Re的候选行星为52%)和轨道周期较长的候选行星(50天轨道外的候选行星为123%,50天轨道内的候选行星为85%)的分数增加最大。将观察窗口从13个月(第1季度-第5季度)增加到16个月(第1季度-第6季度)的收益大于预期。这证明了继续开发管道分析软件的好处。拥有多个候选恒星的恒星比例从17%增加到20%,在多个系统中短周期巨行星的缺乏仍然很明显。随着每一个新目录的发布,在更长的轨道周期内向更小的行星发展,这表明宜居带中的地球大小的行星即将到来,如果这样的行星确实很多的话。

英文摘要:

New transiting planet candidates are identified in sixteen months (May 2009 - September 2010) of data from the Kepler spacecraft. Nearly five thousand periodic transit-like signals are vetted against astrophysical and instrumental false positives yielding 1,091 viable new planet candidates, bringing the total count up to over 2,300. Improved vetting metrics are employed, contributing to higher catalog reliability. Most notable is the noise-weighted robust averaging of multi-quarter photo-center offsets derived from difference image analysis which identifies likely background eclipsing binaries. Twenty-two months of photometry are used for the purpose of characterizing each of the new candidates. Ephemerides (transit epoch, T_0, and orbital period, P) are tabulated as well as the products of light curve modeling: reduced radius (Rp/R*), reduced semi-major axis (d/R*), and impact parameter (b). The largest fractional increases are seen for the smallest planet candidates (197% for candidates smaller than 2Re compared to 52% for candidates larger than 2Re) and those at longer orbital periods (123% for candidates outside of 50-day orbits versus 85% for candidates inside of 50-day orbits). The gains are larger than expected from increasing the observing window from thirteen months (Quarter 1-- Quarter 5) to sixteen months (Quarter 1 -- Quarter 6). This demonstrates the benefit of continued development of pipeline analysis software. The fraction of all host stars with multiple candidates has grown from 17% to 20%, and the paucity of short-period giant planets in multiple systems is still evident. The progression toward smaller planets at longer orbital periods with each new catalog release suggests that Earth-size planets in the Habitable Zone are forthcoming if, indeed, such planets are abundant.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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