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arXiv 1202.5097hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
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宇宙中的物质不守恒与动力学暗能量

Matter Non-conservation in the Universe and Dynamical Dark Energy

Harald Fritzsch, Joan Sola

摘要:

在膨胀的宇宙中,真空能量密度ρ_Λ被认为是一个动力学量。在弯曲时空中的量子场论中,ρ_Λ应该表现出缓慢的演化,由宇宙的膨胀率H决定。最近对精细结构常数和质子-电子质量比随时间变化的测量表明,标准模型的基本量,如QCD标度参数Λ_{QCD},在宇宙演化过程中可能不守恒。核子的质量m_N和原子核的质量也会受到影响。物质在这样的宇宙中是不守恒的。这些测量结果可以解释为物质泄漏到真空中,反之亦然。我们指出,解释\dot{m}_N /m_N测量值所需的泄漏量可能与观测允许的\dot ρ_Λ/ρ_Λ值处于同一数量级,其中可能有暗物质粒子的贡献。暗物质粒子。我们宇宙中的暗能量可能是与普通重子物质以及与暗物质相互作用的动态真空能量。

英文摘要:

In an expanding universe the vacuum energy density ρ_Λ is expected to be a dynamical quantity. In quantum field theory in curved space-time ρ_Λ should exhibit a slow evolution, determined by the expansion rate of the universe H. Recent measurements on the time variation of the fine structure constant and of the proton-electron mass ratio suggest that basic quantities of the Standard Model, such as the QCD scale parameter Λ_{QCD}, may not be conserved in the course of the cosmological evolution. The masses of the nucleons m_N and of the atomic nuclei would also be affected. Matter is not conserved in such a universe. These measurements can be interpreted as a leakage of matter into vacuum or vice versa. We point out that the amount of leakage necessary to explain the measured value of \dot{m}_N/m_N could be of the same order of magnitude as the observationally allowed value of \dotρ_Λ/ρ_Λ, with a possible contribution from the dark matter particles. The dark energy in our universe could be the dynamical vacuum energy in interaction with ordinary baryonic matter as well as with dark matter.

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