利用即将进行的光学和近红外巡天对高红移超亮超新星的探测能力
Detectability of High-Redshift Superluminous Supernovae with Upcoming Optical and Near-Infrared Surveys
摘要：
对高红移超新星（SNe）的观测为研究早期宇宙中的大质量恒星群提供了一个新的机会。我们研究了超发光SNe的可探测性与即将到来的光学和近红外（NIR）调查。我们的计算是基于宇宙恒星的形成历史，SN的出现率，特征颜色和光变曲线的SNe，所有可用的观测校准。我们表明，Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam深测计划将发现15-150 SNe，直到z ~ 4：30 deg^2，z波段24.5 AB等深，为期3个月。由于它的超深层（3. 5 deg^2，z波段的AB磁等深度为25. 6等，持续时间为4个月），最高红移可以扩展到z ~ 5。我们进一步探索即将到来的近红外调查利用未来的卫星，如欧几里德，WFIRST，和WISH的可探测性。宽视场近红外巡天是探测高红移超新星的有效方法。假设在1-4 μ m处进行100 ° ^2的26个AB星等深度的近红外探测，那么在半年内至少可以在z>3处发现约50个SNe。探测到的SNe的数目对恒星初始质量函数或其斜率有很强的约束作用，特别是在高质量端。在高红移下的超亮超新星可以通过它们在观测者坐标系中的长时间尺度的光变曲线、比其他核心坍缩超新星更红的光学颜色和比任何其他类型的超新星更红的近红外颜色来与其他类型的超新星区分开来。
英文摘要：
Observations of high-redshift supernovae (SNe) open a novel opportunity to study the massive star population in the early Universe. We study the detectability of superluminous SNe with upcoming optical and near-infrared (NIR) surveys. Our calculations are based on the cosmic star formation history, the SN occurence rate, the characteristic colour and the light curve of the SNe that are all calibrated by available observations. We show that 15-150 SNe up to z ~ 4 will be discovered by the proposed Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam deep survey: 30 deg^2 survey with 24.5 AB mag depth in z-band for 3 months. With its ultra-deep layer (3.5 deg^2 with 25.6 AB mag depth in z-band for 4 months), the highest redshift can be extended to z ~ 5. We further explore the detectability by upcoming NIR survey utilizing future satellites such as Euclid, WFIRST, and WISH. The wide-field NIR surveys are very efficient to detect high-redshift SNe. With a hypothetical deep NIR survey for 100 deg^2 with 26 AB mag depth at 1-4 um, at least ~ 50 SNe will be discovered at z>3 in half a year. The number of the detected SNe can place a strong constraint on the stellar initial mass function or its slope especially at the high-mass end. Superluminous SNe at high redshifts can be distinguished from other types of SNe by the long time-scale of their light curves in the observer's frame, the optical colours redder than other core-collapse SNe and the NIR colours redder than any other types of SNe.
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