流体中体积/质量扩散的热力学
On the thermodynamics of volume/mass diffusion in fluids
摘要：
在Physica A vol 387（24）（2008）pp 6079 -6094 [1]中，提出了气体流动的动力学方程，其导致一组四个宏观守恒方程，而不是传统的一组三个方程。由于局部空间随机分子行为，这已被描述为一个体积或质量扩散过程的额外的方程出现。在本文中，我们描述了一个程序来构建吉布斯型方程和第二定律与这些动力学和连续模型。我们还指出了[1]中的动力学方程与Klimontovich以前提出的动力学方程之间的密切联系，并讨论了它们与经典力学原理的某些相容性。最后，量纲分析突出了体积/质量扩散的性质：这是一个非常规的扩散过程，与“鬼效应”有一些相似之处，而鬼效应不能像常规的纳维尔-斯托克斯-傅立叶模型那样，从忽略非局部平衡结构的流体力学推导中获得。
英文摘要：
In Physica A vol 387(24) (2008) pp6079-6094 [1], a kinetic equation for gas flows was proposed that leads to a set of four macroscopic conservation equations, rather than the traditional set of three equations. The additional equation arises due to local spatial random molecular behavior, which has been described as a volume or mass diffusion process. In this present paper, we describe a procedure to construct a Gibbs-type equation and a second-law associated with these kinetic and continuum models. We also point out the close link between the kinetic equation in [1] and that proposed previously by Klimontovich, and we discuss some of their compatibilities with classical mechanical principles. Finally, a dimensional analysis highlights the nature of volume/mass diffusion: it is a non-conventional diffusive process, with some similarities to the `ghost effect', which cannot be obtained from a fluid mechanical derivation that neglects non-local-equilibrium structures, as the conventional Navier-Stokes-Fourier model does.
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