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arXiv 1202.2883cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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准同型PZT的高压中子研究:两相体系的相变

High-pressure neutron study of the morphotropic PZT: phase transitions in a two-phase system

J. Frantti, Y. Fujioka, J. Zhang, S. Wang, S. C. Vogel, R. M. Nieminen, A. M. Asiri, Y. Zhao, A. Y. Obaid

摘要:

在压电陶瓷中,相边界附近的相稳定性随应力和温度的变化起着核心作用。本研究致力于经典的压电,锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷的组成Pb(Zr $_{0.54}$ Ti $_{0.46}$)O $_3$在富Zr侧的准同型相界的压电性的内在和外在的贡献是显着的。用高压中子粉末衍射技术研究了该两相体系(室温下菱形$R3c$+单斜$Cm$,压力大于1 GPa时$R3c+P4mm$)的压力变化。实验表明,施加压力有利于$R3c$相,而$Cm$相连续转变为$P4mm$,这是有利于在高温下,由于竞争熵项。$Cm\rightarrow R3c$相变是不连续的。这种转变对非本征压电性有贡献。揭示了对固有压电性的一个重要贡献:由压力引起的$B$阳离子(Zr和Ti)相对于氧阴离子的大位移。高于600 K时,发生了向立方相的相变。竞争项之间的平衡决定了相边界的曲率。高压实验后,菱面体相的量大于最初的量,这表明在相边界的富Zr侧,单斜相是亚稳的。

英文摘要:

In piezoelectric ceramics the changes in the phase stabilities versus stress and temperature in the vicinity of the phase boundary play a central role. The present study was dedicated to the classical piezoelectric, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramic with composition Pb(Zr$_{0.54}$Ti$_{0.46}$)O$_3$ at the Zr-rich side of the morphotropic phase boundary at which both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to piezoelectricity are significant. The pressure-induced changes in this two-phase (rhombohedral $R3c$+monoclinic $Cm$ at room temperature and $R3c+P4mm$ above 1 GPa pressures) system were studied by high-pressure neutron powder diffraction technique. The experiments show that applying pressure favors the $R3c$ phase, whereas the $Cm$ phase transforms continuously to the $P4mm$, which is favored at elevated temperatures due to the competing entropy term. The $Cm\rightarrow R3c$ phase transformation is discontinuous. The transformation contributes to the extrinsic piezoelectricity. An important contribution to the intrinsic piezoelectricity was revealed: a large displacement of the $B$ cations (Zr and Ti) with respect to the oxygen anions is induced by pressure. Above 600 K a phase transition to a cubic phase took place. Balance between the competing terms dictates the curvature of the phase boundary. After high-pressure experiments the amount of rhombohedral phase was larger than initially, suggesting that on the Zr-rich side of the phase boundary the monoclinic phase is metastable.

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