在压电陶瓷中,相边界附近的相稳定性随应力和温度的变化起着核心作用。本研究致力于经典的压电,锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷的组成Pb(Zr $_{0.54}$ Ti $_{0.46}$)O $_3$在富Zr侧的准同型相界的压电性的内在和外在的贡献是显着的。用高压中子粉末衍射技术研究了该两相体系(室温下菱形$R3c$+单斜$Cm$,压力大于1 GPa时$R3c+P4mm$)的压力变化。实验表明,施加压力有利于$R3c$相,而$Cm$相连续转变为$P4mm$,这是有利于在高温下,由于竞争熵项。$Cm\rightarrow R3c$相变是不连续的。这种转变对非本征压电性有贡献。揭示了对固有压电性的一个重要贡献:由压力引起的$B$阳离子(Zr和Ti)相对于氧阴离子的大位移。高于600 K时,发生了向立方相的相变。竞争项之间的平衡决定了相边界的曲率。高压实验后,菱面体相的量大于最初的量,这表明在相边界的富Zr侧,单斜相是亚稳的。
英文摘要:
In piezoelectric ceramics the changes in the phase stabilities versus stress and temperature in the vicinity of the phase boundary play a central role. The present study was dedicated to the classical piezoelectric, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramic with composition Pb(Zr$_{0.54}$Ti$_{0.46}$)O$_3$ at the Zr-rich side of the morphotropic phase boundary at which both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to piezoelectricity are significant. The pressure-induced changes in this two-phase (rhombohedral $R3c$+monoclinic $Cm$ at room temperature and $R3c+P4mm$ above 1 GPa pressures) system were studied by high-pressure neutron powder diffraction technique. The experiments show that applying pressure favors the $R3c$ phase, whereas the $Cm$ phase transforms continuously to the $P4mm$, which is favored at elevated temperatures due to the competing entropy term. The $Cm\rightarrow R3c$ phase transformation is discontinuous. The transformation contributes to the extrinsic piezoelectricity. An important contribution to the intrinsic piezoelectricity was revealed: a large displacement of the $B$ cations (Zr and Ti) with respect to the oxygen anions is induced by pressure. Above 600 K a phase transition to a cubic phase took place. Balance between the competing terms dictates the curvature of the phase boundary. After high-pressure experiments the amount of rhombohedral phase was larger than initially, suggesting that on the Zr-rich side of the phase boundary the monoclinic phase is metastable.
Results presented in this article demonstrate importance of taking into account such a phenomenon as the solid solution decomposition at the boundaries separating coexisting phases in lead-zirconate-titanate-based solid solutions with compositions belonging to the morphotropic boundary region of the "temperature-composition" phase diagram. It is shown that in the local decomposition of solid solutions in the vicinity of the boundaries separating the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases in lead-zirconate-titanate-based solid solutions lead to the changes of the chemical composition of the solid s…
Structural heterogeneity and diffuse scattering in morphotropic lead zirconate-titanate single crystals
本文报道了在准同型相界(x=0.475)附近组成的锆钛酸铅单晶体的同步辐射X射线漫散射和非弹性散射测量结果。在293 K < T < 400 K的温度范围内,观察到了高度各向异性的准弹性漫散射。在400 K以上,这种散射消失。它的主要特征可以再现的不均匀晶格变形所造成的四面体相到菱面体或单斜相的夹杂物的模型。这一观察结果支持了PZT在其准同型相界基本上是结构不均匀的想法。
Symmetry of high-piezoelectric Pb-based complex perovskites at the morphotropic phase boundary I. Neutron diffraction study on Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 -9%PbTiO3
用中子衍射方法研究了Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3)O3 - 9%PbTiO3(PZN/9 PT)晶体的对称性,PZN/9 PT晶体的组成位于Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3)O3和PbTiO 3之间的准同型相界(MPB)。并与其他成分相同但史前史不同的标本进行了比较。所有试样的平衡态都不是端元菱方相和四方相的混合物,而是存在于一条新的极化旋转线Mc#(正交-单斜线)上。在所检查的样品中,一个在室温下表现出四方对称性,但在冷却和加热循环后恢复单斜相。
Confirmation of the monoclinic Cc space group for the ground state phase of Pb(Zr0.525Ti0.475)O3 (PZT525): A Combined Synchrotron X-Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Study
High-resolution synchrotron XRD study of Zr-rich compositions of Pb(Zr_xTi_1-x)O_3 (0.525\leq x \leq 0.60): evidence for the absence of the rhombohedral phase
对0.525 \leqx \leq 0.60的Pb(Zr_xTi_1-x)O_3(PZT)的同步辐射XRD数据进行Rietveld分析,结果表明在准同型相界(MPB)富Zr一侧不存在菱面体相。结果表明,当\leq x \leq为0.60时,PZT的结构为单斜晶系,空间群为Cm.单斜畸变的性质从0.525 \leqx \leq 0.54的伪四面体变为x>0.54的伪菱面体。
A correlation between the crystal structure and magnetic properties of system (1-x)BiFeO$_3$-(x)BaTiO$_3$ with compounds across the morphotropic phase boundary was studied using X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetometry, and Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements. Increase in the dopants content leads to the structural transition from the rhombohedral phase to the cubic phase via a formation of the two-phase region (0.2 < x < 0.33), wherein the magnetic structure changes from the modulated G-type antiferromagnetic to the collinear antiferromagnetic via a stabilization of the non-collinear antif…
There is a general perception that large piezoelectric response in ferroelectric alloys requires tuning the system towards a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), i.e., a composition driven inter-ferroelectric instability. Here we show that high piezoelectric response can be realized even in non-MPB alloy systems. This is demonstrated on (1-x)PbTiO3-(x)Bi(Zr0.5Ni0.5)O3 (PT-BNZ) by a comprehensive study involving electric-field and temperature dependent XRD, Raman spectroscopy, dielectric, piezoelectric and high field electrostrain measurements. We found that poling-field irreversibly suppresses t…
Antiferrodistortive Phase Transition in Pseudorhombohedral (Pb0.94Sr0.06)(Zr0.550Ti0.450)O3 : A Combined Synchrotron x-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Study
The existing controversies about the space group symmetries of Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) above and below antiferrodistortive (AFD) phase transition temperature (TAFD) in the Zr4+- rich (0.620<x<0.940) compositions are addressed using the results of dielectric, synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction (SXRPD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) studies. These compositions undergo an AFD phase transition above room temperature due to tilting of oxygen octahedral leading to a superlattice phase of PZT. We have substituted 6% Sr2+ at Pb2+-site to enhance the tilt angle and thereby the intensity of the sup…
The phase diagram of lead-free piezoelectric (1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3 system has been studied by high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The two lead-free piezoelectric compounds, K0.5Na0.5NbO3 and Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 tend to form an infinite solid solution. The oxygen octahedral tilt system has been mapped as a function of composition and temperature. The results indicate that K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 does not display a morphotropic phase boundary like lead zirconate titanate, and that the most signific…