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arXiv 1202.1310nlin.PScond-mat.soft
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PT对称非线性介质中的暗孤子和涡旋:从自发对称性破缺到非线性PT相变

Dark solitons and vortices in PT-symmetric nonlinear media: from spontaneous symmetry breaking to nonlinear PT phase transitions

V. Achilleos, P. G. Kevrekidis, D. J. Frantzeskakis, R. Carretero-González

摘要:

我们考虑表现出散焦非线性的宇称时间(PT)对称线性系统的非线性类似物。我们研究了该系统的基态和激发态(暗孤子和涡旋),发现了以下显著的特征。对于控制PT对称势强度的参数$\varepsilon$的相对较弱的值,激发态经历(解析易处理的)自发对称性破缺;随着$\varepsilon$的进一步增大,基态和第一激发态以及高阶多孤子的分支(多涡)状态,成对碰撞并在蓝天分叉中消失,在某种程度上,它强烈地使人联想到线性PT-相变--因此称为非线性PT-相变。超过该临界点,例如,前一个基态导致自发出现的孤子和涡旋。

英文摘要:

We consider nonlinear analogues of Parity-Time (PT) symmetric linear systems exhibiting defocusing nonlinearities. We study the ground state and excited states (dark solitons and vortices) of the system and report the following remarkable features. For relatively weak values of the parameter $\varepsilon$ controlling the strength of the PT-symmetric potential, excited states undergo (analytically tractable) spontaneous symmetry breaking; as $\varepsilon$ is further increased, the ground state and first excited state, as well as branches of higher multi-soliton (multi-vortex) states, collide in pairs and disappear in blue-sky bifurcations, in a way which is strongly reminiscent of the linear PT-phase transition ---thus termed the nonlinear PT-phase transition. Past this critical point, initialization of, e.g., the former ground state leads to spontaneously emerging solitons and vortices.

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