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arXiv 1202.1097cond-mat.stat-mech
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量子系统的广义熵产生涨落定理

Generalized entropy production fluctuation theorems for quantum systems

Shubhashis Rana, Sourabh Lahiri, A. M. Jayannavar

摘要:

基于状态空间中的轨迹依赖路径概率形式,我们导出了在测量和反馈存在下量子系统的广义熵产生涨落关系。我们得到了三种不同情况下的这些结果:(i)系统是孤立地从它的周围环境中演化;(ii)系统是弱耦合到一个热浴;(iii)系统与水库接触使用量子克鲁克斯波动定理。在情况(iii)中,我们建立在[H]中进行的处理上。T. Quan和H. Dong,arxiv/cond-mat:0812.4955],其中量子轨迹已被定义为交替的功和热步骤的序列。所得到的熵产生涨落定理保持了与经典情形相同的形式。热力学第二定律的不等式在信息存在的情况下得到修正。这些波动定理是强大的对中间测量的任何观察执行冯诺依曼投影测量以及弱或积极的运营商值的测量。

英文摘要:

Based on trajectory dependent path probability formalism in state space, we derive generalized entropy production fluctuation relations for a quantum system in the presence of measurement and feedback. We have obtained these results for three different cases: (i) the system is evolving in isolation from its surroundings; (ii) the system being weakly coupled to a heat bath; and (iii) system in contact with reservoir using quantum Crooks fluctuation theorem. In case (iii), we build on the treatment carried out in [H. T. Quan and H. Dong, arxiv/cond-mat: 0812.4955], where a quantum trajectory has been defined as a sequence of alternating work and heat steps. The obtained entropy production fluctuation theorems retain the same form as in the classical case. The inequality of second law of thermodynamics gets modified in the presence of information. These fluctuation theorems are robust against intermediate measurements of any observable performed with respect to von Neumann projective measurements as well as weak or positive operator valued measurements.

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