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arXiv 1202.0808astro-ph.IMastro-ph.COgr-qc
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利用脉冲星定时数据探测连续引力波的实用方法

Practical Methods for Continuous Gravitational Wave Detection using Pulsar Timing Data

J. A. Ellis, F. A. Jenet, M. A. McLaughlin

摘要:

引力波(GW)是爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言的时空结构中的微小涟漪。脉冲星定时阵列(PTA)在不久的将来很好地准备探测低频($10^{-9}$-$10^{-7}$ Hz)GWs。从超大质量黑洞双星中探测引力波的随机背景已经有了大量的研究。最近的工作表明,突出于背景之上的单个连续源可以通过以足以检测随机背景的灵敏度操作的PTA来检测。脉冲星定时频带中最有可能的连续GW源是极其巨大的和/或附近的SMBHB。在本文中,我们提出的检测策略,包括各种形式的匹配滤波和功率谱求和。我们确定这种策略的有效性和计算成本。结果表明,它是计算上不可行的,使用一个最佳匹配滤波器,包括不良约束的脉冲星距离与基于网格的方法。我们表明,地球项匹配滤波器构造只使用相关的信号条款是计算上可行的,GW信号高度敏感。该技术仅比计算上不可实现的最佳匹配滤波器灵敏度低两倍,并且比功率谱求和技术灵敏度高两倍。我们进一步表明,成对匹配滤波器,考虑到脉冲星的距离是可比的最佳匹配滤波器的单模板的情况下,可比的地球项匹配滤波器的许多搜索模板。最后,使用模拟数据的最佳质量,我们把一个理论上的最小可检测的应变振幅$h>2\times 10^{-15}$从连续的GWs的顺序$\sim1/T_{\rm obs}$的频率。

英文摘要:

Gravitational Waves (GWs) are tiny ripples in the fabric of space-time predicted by Einstein's General Relativity. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are well poised to detect low frequency ($10^{-9}$ -- $10^{-7}$ Hz) GWs in the near future. There has been a significant amount of research into the detection of a stochastic background of GWs from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Recent work has shown that single continuous sources standing out above the background may be detectable by PTAs operating at a sensitivity sufficient to detect the stochastic background. The most likely sources of continuous GWs in the pulsar timing frequency band are extremely massive and/or nearby SMBHBs. In this paper we present detection strategies including various forms of matched filtering and power spectral summing. We determine the efficacy and computational cost of such strategies. It is shown that it is computationally infeasible to use an optimal matched filter including the poorly constrained pulsar distances with a grid based method. We show that an Earth-term-matched filter constructed using only the correlated signal terms is both computationally viable and highly sensitive to GW signals. This technique is only a factor of two less sensitive than the computationally unrealizable optimal matched filter and a factor of two more sensitive than a power spectral summing technique. We further show that a pairwise matched filter, taking the pulsar distances into account is comparable to the optimal matched filter for the single template case and comparable to the Earth-term-matched filter for many search templates. Finally, using simulated data optimal quality, we place a theoretical minimum detectable strain amplitude of $h>2\times 10^{-15}$ from continuous GWs at frequencies on the order $\sim1/T_{\rm obs}$.

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