arXiv 1201.64862012-01nucl-thhep-ph

致密星核对称能的味对称性与拓扑变化

Flavor Symmetry and Topology Change in Nuclear Symmetry Energy for Compact Stars

Hyun Kyu Lee, Mannque Rho

备注：: 48 pages, 6 figures, version for publication
DOI：: 10.1142/S0218301313300051

摘要：

核对称能在非对称核的结构中起着至关重要的作用，更重要的是，在致密星的状态方程（EoS）中起着至关重要的作用。目前，无论从实验上还是理论上，对于适合于中子星内部的密度范围，几乎完全是未知的。基于具有拓扑变化的Skyrmion晶体方法中编码的重子物质的强耦合结构，并借助于强子相互作用中的广义HLS（隐藏局域对称性）概念，我们解决了与对称能相关的核相互作用的各种迄今尚未探索的问题，即，K介子凝聚和超子、致密物质中可能的拓扑变化、核张量力、致密致密星物质初始态的共形对称性和手征对称性等。与标准唯象方法不同的是，来自隐藏的局部对称结构的一个令人惊讶的结果是，在高密度下，重子物质被RG流驱动到“修正对称性”约束的“重子极限不动点（DLFP）”。“我们进一步提出如何在一个固定在单个有效拉格朗日量上的框架中，通过将超子视为在晶格上模拟的Callan-Klebanov kaon-skyrmion束缚态，来表达致密星物质中的K介子凝聚和超子。这个公式表明，超子可以在恒星物质中出现-如果有的话-当或在K介子凝聚之后，与标准的唯象方法相反，超子作为物质中的第一个奇异自由度出现，从而抑制或延迟K介子凝聚。在与1.97太阳质量恒星的对称能量相一致的恒星结构的简化描述中，K介子凝聚对奇异夸克物质起着“门口态”的作用。

英文摘要：

The nuclear symmetry energy figures crucially in the structure of asymmetric nuclei and, more importantly, in the equation of state (EoS) of compact stars. At present it is almost totally unknown, both experimentally and theoretically, in the density regime appropriate for the interior of neutron stars. Basing on a strong-coupled structure of dense baryonic matter encoded in the skyrmion crystal approach with a topology change and resorting to the notion of generalized HLS (hidden local symmetry) in hadronic interactions, we address a variety of hitherto unexplored issues of nuclear interactions associated with the symmetry energy, i.e., kaon condensation and hyperons, possible topology change in dense matter, nuclear tensor forces, conformal symmetry and chiral symmetry etc in the EoS of dense compact-star matter. One of the surprising results coming from the hidden local symmetry structure that is distinct from what is given by standard phenomenological approaches is that at high density, baryonic matter is driven by RG flow to the "dilaton-limit fixed point (DLFP)" constrained by "mended symmetries." We further propose how to formulate kaon condensation and hyperons in compact-star matter in a framework anchored on a single effective Lagrangian by treating hyperons as the Callan-Klebanov kaon-skyrmion bound states simulated on crystal lattice. This formulation suggests that hyperons can figure in the stellar matter -- if at all -- when or after kaons condense, in contrast to the standard phenomenological approaches where the hyperons appear as the first strangeness degree of freedom in matter thereby suppressing or delaying kaon condensation. In our simplified description of the stellar structure in terms of symmetry energies which is compatible with that of the 1.97 solar mass star, kaon condensation plays a role of "doorway state" to strange-quark matter.

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