QCD物质和核碰撞中的开重味
Open Heavy Flavor in QCD Matter and in Nuclear Collisions
摘要：
本文综述了RHIC和LHC高能核碰撞中开放式重味产生的实验和理论研究现状。本文首先综述了HF在QCD物质中输运的理论概念和相关计算，包括夸克-胶子等离子体中的微扰和非微扰方法，强子物质中的有效模型，以及重夸克强子化的实现。其次是简要讨论了体演化模型的重离子碰撞和初始条件的HQ分布，这是需要计算HF光谱相比，可观的。然后，我们转向讨论的实验数据，已收集到的日期在RHIC和LHC，特别是核抑制因子和椭圆流的半轻子HF衰变，D介子，非提示$J/ψ$从B介子衰变，和b喷流。模型比较HF数据进行关于提取的大小，温度和动量的HF输运系数的依赖性从实验中。
英文摘要：
We review the experimental and theoretical status of open heavy-flavor (HF) production in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC. We first overview the theoretical concepts and pertinent calculations of HF transport in QCD matter, including perturbative and non-perturbative approaches in the quark-gluon plasma, effective models in hadronic matter, as well as implementations of heavy-quark (HQ) hadronization. This is followed by a brief discussion of bulk evolution models for heavy-ion collisions and initial conditions for the HQ distributions which are needed to calculate HF spectra in comparison to observables. We then turn to a discussion of experimental data that have been collected to date at RHIC and LHC, specifically for the nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow of semileptonic HF decays, D mesons, non-prompt $J/ψ$ from B-meson decays, and b-jets. Model comparisons to HF data are conducted with regards to extracting the magnitude, temperature and momentum-dependence of HF transport coefficients from experiment.
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