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arXiv 1201.3403astro-ph.SR
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L/T过渡褐矮星的大振幅变化:斑片状高对比度云特征的多波长观测

Large Amplitude Variations of an L/T Transition Brown Dwarf: Multi-Wavelength Observations of Patchy, High-Contrast Cloud Features

Jacqueline Radigan, Ray Jayawardhana, David Lafrenière, Etienne Artigau, Mark Marley, Didier Saumon

摘要:

我们在T1.5矮2 MASS J21392676+0220226(2 M2139)的$J$、$H$和$K_s$波段进行了多历元光度监测,揭示了持续的周期性($P=7.721\pm$ 0.005 hr)变化,在$J$波段的峰间振幅高达26%。光变曲线的形状在一天的时间尺度上变化,这表明不断变化的大气云特征是原因。使用具有不同云厚度的模型大气之间的插值来表示非均匀表面,我们发现2 M2139的多波长变化和近红外光谱可以通过(1)位于较薄云层上方的冷,厚云特征来再现,或者(2)在多云大气中低凝结不透明度的温暖区域,这可能表明云层中存在孔洞或断裂。我们发现,厚云和薄云之间的温度差必须大于175 K,高达425 K。我们还考虑了所观察到的变化是否可能来自相互作用的二元系统,但这种情况被排除在外。2 M2139加入了由Artigau及其同事发现的T2.5矮星SIMP 0136,作为第二颗L/T转换棕矮星,在旋转时间尺度上显示出大幅度的变化,这表明在L/T转换时尘埃云的破碎可能有助于冷凝不透明度的突然下降和观测到的$J$带增亮。

英文摘要:

We present multiple-epoch photometric monitoring in the $J$, $H$, and $K_s$ bands of the T1.5 dwarf 2MASS J21392676+0220226 (2M2139), revealing persistent, periodic ($P=7.721\pm$0.005 hr) variability with a peak-to-peak amplitude as high as 26% in the $J$-band. The light curve shape varies on a timescale of days, suggesting that evolving atmospheric cloud features are responsible. Using interpolations between model atmospheres with differing cloud thicknesses to represent a heterogeneous surface, we find that the multi-wavelength variations and the near-infrared spectrum of 2M2139 can be reproduced by either (1)cool, thick cloud features sitting above a thinner cloud layer, or (2)warm regions of low condensate opacity in an otherwise cloudy atmosphere, possibly indicating the presence of holes or breaks in the cloud layer. We find that temperature contrasts between thick and thin cloud patches must be greater than 175 K and as high as 425 K. We also consider whether the observed variability could arise from an interacting binary system, but this scenario is ruled out. 2M2139 joins the T2.5 dwarf SIMP0136 discovered by Artigau and coworkers as the second L/T transition brown dwarf to display large-amplitude variability on rotational timescales, suggesting that the fragmentation of dust clouds at the L/T transition may contribute to the abrupt decline in condensate opacity and $J$-band brightening observed to occur over this regime.

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