QCD中的局域P破坏效应和热化：从量子场论和全息学的观点
Local P Violation Effects and Thermalization in QCD: Views from Quantum Field Theory and Holography
摘要：
我们认为，在重离子碰撞中P和CP不变性的局域破坏和在高能碰撞中观察到的普适热现象实际上是同一枚硬币的两面，两者都与QCD的量子反常有关。我们认为，代表QCD的量子反常的低能关系是饱和的相干低维真空配置中观察到的Monte Carlo晶格研究。在这个框架中，不依赖于碰撞粒子能量的温度的热谱和近似普适性是由于这些低维真空片的变形而不是碰撞粒子本身的辐射的事实。P奇畴的长程关联的出现（这一特征显然是解释RHIC和LHC上观察到的不对称性所必需的）也是QCD真空位形同样畸变的结果。我们制定相应的物理使用有效的低能量有效拉格朗日。我们还制定了相同的物理学的对偶全息图片时，低维片的拓扑电荷嵌入在4d空间，如蒙特卡罗模拟中观察到的，被确定为D2膜。最后，我们认为，对重离子碰撞中这些长程关联的研究可以作为一个完美的检验，来验证当前观测到的暗能量是膨胀宇宙中QCD真空能量与其在闵可夫斯基时空中的常规值的微小偏离的结果。
英文摘要：
We argue that the local violation of P and CP invariance in heavy ion collisions and the universal thermal aspects observed in high energy collisions are in fact two sides of the same coin, and both are related to quantum anomalies of QCD. We argue that the low energy relations representing the quantum anomalies of QCD are saturated by coherent low dimensional vacuum configurations as observed in Monte Carlo lattice studies. The thermal spectrum and approximate universality of the temperature with no dependence on energy of colliding particles in this framework is due to the fact that the emission results from the distortion of these low dimensional vacuum sheets rather than from the colliding particles themselves. The emergence of the long- range correlations of P odd domains (a feature which is apparently required for explanation of the asymmetry observed at RHIC and LHC) is also a result of the same distortion of the QCD vacuum configurations. We formulate the corresponding physics using the effective low energy effective Lagrangian. We also formulate the same physics in terms of the dual holographic picture when low-dimensional sheets of topological charge embedded in 4d space, as observed in Monte Carlo simulations, are identified with D2 branes. Finally, we argue that study of these long range correlations in heavy ion collisions could serve as a perfect test of a proposal that the observed dark energy in present epoch is a result of a tiny deviation of the QCD vacuum energy in expanding universe from its conventional value in Minkowski spacetime.
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