arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1201.0628physics.bio-phcond-mat.softphysics.class-phphysics.flu-dyn
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电机驱动的细菌鞭毛和屈曲不稳定性

Motor-Driven Bacterial Flagella and Buckling Instabilities

Reinhard Vogel, Holger Stark

摘要:

许多类型的细菌通过旋转一束螺旋状的细丝(也称为鞭毛)来游动。每根灯丝都由旋转电机驱动,一个非常灵活的钩子将电机扭矩传递到灯丝。我们通过离散基尔霍夫的弹性杆理论来建模,并开发了一种粗粒度的方法来驱动电机扭矩的螺旋灯丝。旋转的鞭毛产生推力,将细胞体向前推动,并随着马达扭矩的增加而增加。我们将旋转的鞭毛固定在空间中,并表明它在临界电机扭矩下的推力下旋转。屈曲成为可见的超临界霍普夫分叉的推力。第二屈曲转变发生在甚至更高的马达扭矩处。我们将鞭毛连接到球形细胞体上,并观察到运动过程中的第一次屈曲过渡。通过改变单元体的尺寸,我们改变所需的推力,从而获得临界推力和电机转矩之间的特征关系。我们提出了一个复杂的分析模型的基础上的螺旋杆的临界力-扭矩关系定量再现的屈曲过渡。电机扭矩,细胞体的大小,和螺旋丝的几何形状的真实值表明,屈曲应该发生在单个细菌鞭毛。我们还发现,沿驱动扭矩拉动鞭毛的方向是不稳定的,并评论海洋细菌的生物相关性。

英文摘要:

Many types of bacteria swim by rotating a bundle of helical filaments also called flagella. Each filament is driven by a rotary motor and a very flexible hook transmits the motor torque to the filament. We model it by discretizing Kirchhoff's elastic-rod theory and develop a coarse-grained approach for driving the helical filament by a motor torque. A rotating flagellum generates a thrust force, which pushes the cell body forward and which increases with the motor torque. We fix the rotating flagellum in space and show that it buckles under the thrust force at a critical motor torque. Buckling becomes visible as a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the thrust force. A second buckling transition occurs at an even higher motor torque. We attach the flagellum to a spherical cell body and also observe the first buckling transition during locomotion. By changing the size of the cell body, we vary the necessary thrust force and thereby obtain a characteristic relation between the critical thrust force and motor torque. We present a sophisticated analytical model for the buckling transition based on a helical rod which quantitatively reproduces the critical force-torque relation. Real values for motor torque, cell body size, and the geometry of the helical filament suggest that buckling should occur in single bacterial flagella. We also find that the orientation of pulling flagella along the driving torque is not stable and comment on the biological relevance for marine bacteria.

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