近表面螺旋微泵
Helical micropumps near surfaces
摘要：
最近的实验提出使用封闭的细菌，以便在表面附近产生流动。我们开发了一个数学和计算模型，这种流体输送使用的基本流奇点的线性叠加。螺旋状细菌鞭毛的旋转在周围的流体上引起力和扭矩，这两者都导致沿着表面的净流动。结合流通常与鞭毛丝的轴成一定角度。因此，当细菌相对于想要移动流体的方向倾斜时，实现了最佳泵送，与实验结果非常一致。我们进一步研究了最佳的螺旋形状被用作表面附近的微泵，并表明细菌鞭毛是接近最佳的，这可能是相关的细菌群的扩张的结果。
英文摘要：
Recent experiments proposed to use confined bacteria in order to generate flows near surfaces. We develop a mathematical and a computational model of this fluid transport using a linear superposition of fundamental flow singularities. The rotation of a helical bacterial flagellum induces both a force and a torque on the surrounding fluid, both of which lead to a net flow along the surface. The combined flow is in general directed at an angle to the axis of the flagellar filament. The optimal pumping is thus achieved when bacteria are tilted with respect to the direction in which one wants to move the fluid, in good agreement with experimental results. We further investigate the optimal helical shapes to be used as micropumps near surfaces and show that bacterial flagella are nearly optimal, a result which could be relevant to the expansion of bacterial swarms.
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