研究低温一级相变的一般方法
General approach for studying first-order phase transitions at low temperatures
摘要：
通过结合不同的思想，提出了一个通用的和有效的协议来处理在低温下的不连续相变。对于小的$T$，有可能导出适当的序参量的通用解析表达式，其系数从简单的模拟中获得.一旦在这样的制度模拟的标准算法是不可靠的，一个增强的回火方法，并行回火-准确的小型和中型系统的大小，计算成本相当低-被使用。最后，从有限尺寸分析，可以得到热力学极限。该程序被示出为四个不同的模型，证明其权力，例如，以确定共存线的位置和共存处的相密度。
英文摘要：
By combining different ideas, a general and efficient protocol to deal with discontinuous phase transitions at low temperatures is proposed. For small $T$'s, it is possible to derive a generic analytic expression for appropriate order parameters, whose coefficients are obtained from simple simulations. Once in such regimes simulations by standard algorithms are not reliable, an enhanced tempering method, the parallel tempering -- accurate for small and intermediate system sizes with rather low computational cost -- is used. Finally, from finite size analysis, one can obtain the thermodynamic limit. The procedure is illustrated for four distinct models, demonstrating its power, e.g., to locate coexistence lines and the phases density at the coexistence.
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