Searching for soft relativistic jets in Core-collapse Supernovae with the IceCube Optical Follow-up Program
The IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. M. Allen, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, J. Auffenbe… 展开作者
The IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. M. Allen, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. Baker, S. W. Barwick, R. Bay, J. L. Bazo Alba, K. Beattie, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Becker, M. L. Benabderrahmane, S. BenZvi, J. Berdermann, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, J. Blumenthal, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, A. M. Brown, S. Buitink, K. S. Caballero-Mora, M. Carson, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, F. Clevermann, S. Cohen, C. Colnard, D. F. Cowen, A. H. Cruz Silva, M. V. D'Agostino, M. Danninger, J. Daughhetee, J. C. Davis, C. De Clercq, T. Degner, L. Demirörs, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dierckxsens, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, J. Eisch, R. W. Ellsworth, O. Engdegård, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, J. Feintzeig, T. Feusels, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, T. Fischer-Wasels, B. D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, R. Franke, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, D. Góra, D. Grant, T. Griesel, A. Groß, S. Grullon, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Haj Ismail, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Han, K. Hanson, D. Heinen, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, P. Herquet, S. Hickford, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, B. Hoffmann, A. Homeier, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, J. -P. Hülß, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hussain, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, H. Johansson, K. -H. Kampert, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, P. Kenny, J. Kiryluk, F. Kislat, S. R. Klein, J. -H. Köhne, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, T. Kowarik, M. Krasberg, G. Kroll, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, K. Laihem, H. Landsman, M. J. Larson, R. Lauer, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, A. Marotta, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, K. Meagher, M. Merck, P. Mészáros, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, E. Middell, N. Milke, J. Miller, T. Montaruli, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, R. Nahnhauer, J. W. Nam, U. Naumann, D. R. Nygren, S. Odrowski, A. Olivas, M. Olivo, A. O'Murchadha, S. Panknin, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, J. Petrovic, A. Piegsa, D. Pieloth, R. Porrata, J. Posselt, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, P. Redl, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, M. Richman, J. P. Rodrigues, F. Rothmaier, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Rutledge, B. Ruzybayev, D. Ryckbosch, H. -G. Sander, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Schatto, T. Schmidt, A. Schönwald, A. Schukraft, A. Schultes, O. Schulz, M. Schunck, D. Seckel, B. Semburg, S. H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, A. Silvestri, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stössl, E. A. Strahler, R. Ström, M. Stüer, G. W. Sullivan, Q. Swillens, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, A. Tamburro, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, N. van Eijndhoven, J. Vandenbroucke, A. Van Overloop, J. van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, C. Walck, T. Waldenmaier, M. Wallraff, M. Walter, Ch. Weaver, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, C. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, P. Zarzhitsky, M. Zoll The ROTSE Collaboration, :, C. W. Akerlof, S. B. Pandey, F. Yuan, W. Zheng
Context. Transient neutrino sources such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Supernovae (SNe) are hypothesized to emit bursts of high-energy neutrinos on a time-scale of \lesssim 100 s. While GRB neutrinos would be produced in high relativistic jets, core-collapse SNe might host soft-relativistic jets, which become stalled in the outer layers of the progenitor star leading to an efficient production of high-energy neutrinos. Aims. To increase the sensitivity to these neutrinos and identify their sources, a low-threshold optical follow-up program for neutrino multiplets detected with the IceCube observatory has been implemented. Methods. If a neutrino multiplet, i.e. two or more neutrinos from the same direction within 100 s, is found by IceCube a trigger is sent to the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment, ROTSE. The 4 ROTSE telescopes immediately start an observation program of the corresponding region of the sky in order to detect an optical counterpart to the neutrino events. Results. No statistically significant excess in the rate of neutrino multiplets has been observed and furthermore no coincidence with an optical counterpart was found. Conclusion. The search allows, for the first time, to set stringent limits on current models predicting a high-energy neutrino flux from soft relativistic hadronic jets in core-collapse SNe. We conclude that a sub-population of SNe with typical Lorentz boost factor and jet energy of 10 and 3\times10^{51} erg, respectively, does not exceed 4.2% at 90% confidence.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which instruments 1$\,$km$^3$ of clear ice at the geographic South Pole, was mainly designed to detect particles with energies in the multi-GeV to PeV range. Due to ice temperatures between $-20^\circ$C to $-43^\circ$C and the low radioactivity of the ice, the dark noise rates of the 5160 photomultiplier tubes forming the IceCube lattice are of order 500 Hz, which is particularly low for 10 inch photomultipliers. Therefore, IceCube can extend its searches to bursts of $\mathcal{O}$(10$\,$MeV) neutrinos lasting several seconds, which are expected to be produced…
IceCube is a cubic kilometer neutrino detector array in the Antarctic ice that was designed to search for astrophysical, high-energy neutrinos. It has detected a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos that appears to be of extragalactic origin. A possible contribution to this diffuse flux could stem from core-collapse supernovae. The high-energy neutrinos could either come from the interaction of the ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium or a jet, emanating from the star's core, that stalls in the star's envelope. Here, we will present results of a stacking analysis to search for this high…
Searches for spatial associations between high-energy neutrinos observed at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and known astronomical objects may hold the key to establishing the neutrinos' origins and the origins of hadronic cosmic rays. While extragalactic sources like the blazar TXS 0506+056 merit significant attention, Galactic sources may also represent part of the puzzle. Here, we explore whether open clusters and supernova remnants in the Milky Way contribute measurably to the IceCube track-like neutrino events above 200 TeV. By searching for positional coincidences with catalogs of known…
Magnetars are neutron stars with very strong magnetic fields on the order of $10^{13}$ to $10^{15}$ G. Young magnetars with oppositely-oriented magnetic fields and spin moments may emit high-energy (HE) neutrinos from their polar caps as they may be able to accelerate cosmic rays to above the photomeson threshold (Zhang et al. 2003). Giant flares of soft gamma-ray repeaters (a subclass of magnetars) may also produce HE neutrinos and therefore a HE neutrino flux from this class is potentially detectable (Ioka et al. 2005). Here we present plans to search for neutrino emission from magnetars lis…
Recent observations of GeV gamma-rays from novae have led to a paradigm shift in the understanding of these objects. While it is now believed that shocks contribute significantly to the energy budget of novae, it is still unknown if the emission is hadronic or leptonic in origin. Neutrinos could hold the key to definitively differentiating between these two scenarios, though the energies of such particles would be much lower than are typically targeted with neutrino telescopes. IceCube's densely instrumented DeepCore sub-array provides the ability to reduce the threshold for observation from 1…
A clue to finding the long-sought sources of cosmic rays is the recent observation of an astrophysical flux of high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube detector, since these possibly originate in hadronic interactions at cosmic-ray accelerators. While the neutrino sky map shows no significant indication of point sources so far, it is possible to utilize the sensitivity of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) arrays, such as VERITAS, to search for hadronic gamma-ray emission from the neutrino directions. Over the last 2 years, the positions of neutrino events detected by IceCube have been observe…
The detection of an astrophysical flux of high-energy neutrinos by IceCube is a major step forward in the search for the origin of cosmic rays, as this emission is expected to originate in hadronic interactions taking place in or near cosmic-ray accelerators. No neutrino point sources, or a significant correlation with known astrophysical objects, have been identified in the IceCube data so far that could reveal the location of the neutrino emission sites. The hadronic interactions responsible for the neutrino emission should also lead to the production of high-energy gamma rays from neutral p…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a 1 $km^{3}$ detector currently under construction at the South Pole. Searching for high energy neutrinos from unresolved astrophysical sources is one of the main analysis strategies used in the search for astrophysical neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. A hard energy spectrum of neutrinos from isotropically distributed astrophysical sources could contribute to form a detectable signal above the atmospheric neutrino background. A reliable method of estimating the energy of the neutrino-induced lepton is crucial for identifying astrophysical neu…
The IceCube neutrino observatory, a cubic-kilometer particle detector at the South Pole, first announced the discovery of an astrophysical flux of high-energy neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range in 2013, followed in 2017 by the detection of a high-energy neutrino event in temporal and directional correlation with the flaring gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. This observation, combined with archival neutrino detections in 2014-2015, has provided compelling evidence for the detection of the first high-energy astrophysical neutrino source. A promising way of detecting additional sources is to correlate n…
We have built regions in a Sky map where it should be expected the arrival of 120 EeV ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR) directionally correlated with the latest astrophysical neutrino tracks observed at IceCube, which are taken as point sources. In order to calculate these arrival directions we have considered contributions to the cosmic rays deflections originated by the galactic and the extragalactic magnetic field, and a UHECR composition compatible with the current expectations. We have used the Jansson-Farrar JF12 model for the Galactic magnetic field and an extragalactic magnetic fiel…
Measuring the Astrophysical Galactic Plane Neutrino Flux and Searching for Galactic PeVatrons using the IceCube Multi-Flavor Astrophysical Neutrino Sample
Since 1997 the neutrino telescope AMANDA at the geographic South Pole has been monitoring our Galaxy for neutrino bursts from supernovae. Triggers were introduced in 2004 to submit burst candidates to the Supernova Early Warning System SNEWS. From 2007 the burst search was extended to the much larger IceCube telescope, which now supersedes AMANDA. By exploiting the low photomultiplier noise in the antarctic ice (on average 280Hz for IceCube), neutrino bursts from nearby supernovae can be identified by the induced collective rise in the pulse rates. Although only a counting experiment, IceCube …
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is highly sensitive to neutrino bursts of $\mathcal{O}$(10) MeV energy that are would be generated by core collapse supernovae in our Galaxy. It will resolve temporal structures in supernova light curves particularly well. In the light of an improved understanding of the ice properties and the detector response, the effective area and the corresponding uncertainties were newly determined with a Geant4-based Monte Carlo. Uncertainties due to cross sections and oscillation effects in the Earth were also investigated. This analysis has been extended by simulating …
It is shown that high-energy astrophysical neutrinos observed in the IceCube experiment can be produced by protons accelerated in extragalactic Type IIn supernova remnants by shocks propagating in the dense circumstellar medium. The nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration model is used for description of particle acceleration. We calculate the neutrino spectrum produced by an individual Type IIn supernova and the spectrum of neutrino background produced by IIn supernovae in the expanding Universe. We also found that the arrival direction of one Icecube neutrino candidate (track event 47) is at …
X-ray binaries are long-standing source candidates of Galactic cosmic rays and neutrinos. The compact object in a binary system can be the site for cosmic-ray acceleration, while high-energy neutrinos can be produced by the interactions of cosmic rays in the jet of the compact object, the stellar wind, or the atmosphere of the companion star. We report a time-dependent study of high-energy neutrinos from X-ray binaries with IceCube using 7.5 years of muon neutrino data and X-ray observations. In the absence of significant correlation, we report upper limits on the neutrino fluxes from these so…
The realtime follow-up of neutrino events is a promising approach to search for astrophysical neutrino sources. It has so far provided compelling evidence for a neutrino point source: the flaring gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 observed in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A detected by IceCube. The detection of very-high-energy gamma rays (VHE, $\mathrm{E} > 100\,\mathrm{GeV}$) from this source helped establish the coincidence and constrained the modeling of the blazar emission at the time of the IceCube event. The four major imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays …
The recent association between IC-170922A and the blazar TXS0506+056 highlights the importance of real-time observations for identifying possible astrophysical neutrino sources. Thanks to its near-100\% duty cycle, 4$π$ steradian field of view, and excellent sensitivity over many decades of energy, IceCube is well suited both to generate alerts for follow-up by other instruments and to rapidly follow up alerts generated by other instruments. Detection of neutrinos in coincidence with transient astrophysical phenomena serves as a smoking gun for hadronic processes and supplies essential informa…
Light gauge bosons can lead to resonant interactions between high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and the cosmic neutrino background. We study this possibility in detail, considering the ability of IceCube to probe such scenarios. We find the most dramatic effects in models with a very light $Z'$ ($m_{Z'} \lesssim 10$ MeV), which can induce a significant absorption feature at $E_ν \sim\,$5-10$\,{\rm TeV} \times (m_{Z'}/{\rm MeV})^2$. In the case of the inverted hierarchy and a small sum of neutrino masses, such a light $Z'$ can result in a broad and deep spectral feature at $\sim\,$0.1-10$\,{\r…
Resolving the Galactic Center Region's Gamma-Ray Emission and Searching for its Neutrino Counterpart with HAWC and IceCube
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学物理研究所）；Universidad de Costa Rica（哥斯达黎加大学）；Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo（米却肯圣尼古拉斯德伊达尔戈大学）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学物理与天文学系）；Temple University（天普大学）；Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所）；Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas（恰帕斯自治大学）；Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica（国家天体物理学、光学和电子研究所）；Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院核物理研究所）
IceCube, a cubic-kilometer sized neutrino detector at the Geographic South Pole, has recently discovered a diffuse all-flavor flux of astrophysical neutrinos. However, the corresponding astrophysical sources have not yet been identified in current IceCube analyses. We present a method to interpret the results of a recently published angular correlation analysis in IceCube searching for spatial clustering of muon neutrino events in terms of astrophysical models (given by an arbitrary source count distribution). We exemplarily show the resulting limits on the parameters of a class of source coun…
We investigate whether the recent ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino events detected at the IceCube neutrino observatory could come from the decay of charmed mesons produced within the mildly relativistic jets of supernova-like astrophysical sources. We demonstrate that the $5.7σ$ excess of neutrinos observed by IceCube in the energy range 30 TeV--2 PeV can be explained by a diffuse flux of neutrinos produced in such slow-jet supernovae, using the values of astrophysical and QCD parameters within the theoretical uncertainties associated with neutrino production from charmed meson decay in astrop…
Different types of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) have been considered as candidate sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. Stripped-envelope SNe, including energetic events like hypernovae and super-luminous SNe, are of particular interest. They may harbor relativistic jets, which are capable of explaining the diversity among gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), low-luminosity GRBs, ultra-long GRBs, and broadline Type Ib/c SNe. Using the six-year IceCube data on high-energy starting events (HESEs), we perform an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis to search for spatial and temporal coincidences with 22…
The IceCube neutrino telescope monitors one cubic kilometer of deep Antarctic ice by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted from charged secondaries produced when neutrinos interact in the ice. The geometry of the detector, which comprises a lattice of 5160 photomultipliers, is optimized for the detection of neutrinos above 100 GeV. However, at subfreezing ice temperatures, dark noise rates are low enough that a high flux of MeV neutrinos streaming through the detector may be recognized by a collective rate enhancement in all photomultipliers. This method can be used to search for the signal of c…
The next galactic supernova presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and the extreme conditions found within its core. A core-collapse supernova will produce a neutrino burst visible up to half a day before the electromagnetic radiation from the explosion, so the burst will provide an early warning for optical follow-up. Since local supernovae are exceedingly rare, it is critical that neutrino detectors provide prompt alerts after the arrival of a burst. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory operates with $>99\%$ uptime and is sensitive …
IceCube is the first representative of the km^3 class of neutrino telescopes and currently the most sensitive detector to high-energy neutrinos. Its main mission is to search for Galactic and extragalactic sources of high-energy neutrinos, but it is also an excellent detector for the investigation of a variety of other highly topical astrophysics and particle physics topics like supernovae, dark matter and neutrino oscillations. After an introduction to neutrino astronomy and neutrino telescopes, this article presents a selection of latest results from the IceCube neutrino detector with respec…
Large neutrino detectors like IceCube monitor for core-collapse supernovae using low energy (MeV) neutrinos, with a reach to a supernova neutrino burst to the Magellanic Cloud. However, some models predict the emission of high energy neutrinos (GeV-TeV) from core-collapse supernovae through the interaction of ejecta with circumstellar material and (TeV-PeV) through choked jets. In this paper, we explore the detection horizon of IceCube for core-collapse supernovae using high-energy neutrinos from these models. We examine the potential of two high-energy neutrino data samples from IceCube, one …
In this paper we estimate the flux of PeV neutrinos and gamma-rays from magnetar polar caps, assuming that ions/protons are injected, and accelerated in these regions and interact with the radiative background. The present study takes into account the effect of the photon splitting mechanisms that should modify the radiative background, and enhance the neutrino and gamma-ray fluxes at PeV energies, with a view to explain the PeV neutrino events detected in IceCube. The results indicate that in near future, possibility of any significant excess of neutrino events from a magnetar in Milky Way is…
In May 2011, the IceCube neutrino observatory with one cubic kilometer instrumented volume started full operation with 5160 sensors on 86 strings and 324 sensors on 162 IceTop detectors. The fine-tuning of operation and calibration of the detector is still in progress while a very high uptime of well above $98\%$ is obtained. New analysis techniques rely on veto techniques for enhanced rejection of atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. We will give an overview of recent results including the techniques of searching for starting tracks and some comments on the reported evidence of astrophy…
It is shown that high-energy astrophysical neutrinos observed in the IceCube experiment can be produced by protons accelerated in extragalactic Type IIn supernova remnants by shocks propagating in the dense circumstellar medium. The nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration model is used for description of particle acceleration.
In 2017, IceCube detected a high energy neutrino in coincidence with the blazar TXS 0506+056. In a follow up analysis of archival data, evidence for previous neutrino emission from the blazar during 2014-15 was found. In this analysis, we investigate whether other blazars might have had episodes of neutrino emission. We use a 5-year sample of muon-neutrino data and the same timedependent algorithm that was used for the archival analysis of TXS 0506+056, applying it to all of the objects in the northern sky listed in the Fermi 3LAC catalog. We fit for the most significant neutrino flare from ea…
There are indications that $γ$-ray dark objects such as supernovae (SNe) with choked jets, and the cores of active galactic nuclei may contribute to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos measured by the IceCube observatory. In particular, stripped-envelope SNe have received much attention since they are capable of producing relativistic jets and could explain the diversity in observations of collapsar explosions (e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), low-luminosity GRBs, and Type Ibc SNe). We use an unbinned maximum likelihood method to search for spatial and temporal coincidences between Type …
The discoveries of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube in 2013 and of gravitational waves by LIGO in 2015 have enabled a new era of multi-messenger astronomy. Gravitational waves can identify the merging of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. These compact mergers, especially neutron star mergers, are potential neutrino sources. We present an analysis searching for neutrinos from gravitational wave sources reported by the LIGO Virgo Collaboration (LVC). We use a dedicated transient likelihood analysis combining IceCube events with source localizations provided by …
Type IIn supernovae (SNe), a rare subclass of core collapse SNe, explode in dense circumstellar media that have been modified by the SNe progenitors at their last evolutionary stages. The interaction of the freely expanding SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium gives rise to a shock wave propagating in the dense SN environment, which may accelerate protons to multi-PeV energies. Inelastic proton-proton collisions between the shock-accelerated protons and those of the circumstellar medium lead to multi-messenger signatures. Here, we evaluate the possible neutrino signal of type IIn SNe and co…
The origin of the IceCube neutrinos is still an open question. Upper limits from diffuse gamma-ray observations suggest that the neutrino sources are either distant or hidden from gamma-ray observations. It is possible that the neutrinos are produced in jets that are formed in the core-collapsing massive stars and fail to break out, the so-called choked jets. We study neutrinos from the jets choked in the hydrogen envelopes of red supergiant stars. Fast photo-meson cooling softens the neutrino spectrum, making it difficult to explain the PeV neutrinos observed by IceCube in a one-component sce…
The IceCube detector, which is embedded in the glacial ice at the geographic South Pole, is the first neutrino telescope to comprise a volume of one cubic kilometer. The search for neutrinos of astrophysical origin is among the primary goals of IceCube. Point source candidates include Galactic objects such as supernova remnants (SNRs) as well as extragalactic objects such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Offline and online searches for transient sources like GRBs and supernovae (SNe) are presented. Triggered searches use satellite measurements from Fermi, SWIFT and …
Searching for dark matter signals with high energy astrophysical neutrinos in IceCube
University of Johannesburg（约翰内斯堡大学）；Simon Fraser University（西蒙菲莎大学）；TRIUMF（特利昂夫实验室）；The George Washington University（乔治华盛顿大学）；National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS)（国家理论与计算科学研究所）
Magnetic monopoles are hypothetical particles that carry magnetic charge. Depending on their velocity, different light production mechanisms exist to facilitate detection. In this work, a previously unused light production mechanism, luminescence of ice, is introduced. This light production mechanism is nearly independent of the velocity of the incident magnetic monopole and becomes the only viable light production mechanism in the low relativistic regime (0.1-0.55c). An analysis in the low relativistic regime searching for magnetic monopoles in seven years of IceCube data is presented. While …
Young core-collapse supernovae (YSNe) are factories of high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays as the shock accelerated protons efficiently interact with the protons in the dense circumstellar medium. We explore the detection prospects of secondary particles from YSNe of Type IIn, II-P, IIb/II-L, and Ib/c. Type IIn YSNe are found to produce the largest flux of neutrinos and gamma-rays, followed by II-P YSNe. Fermi-LAT and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (IceCube-Gen2) have the potential to detect Type IIn YSNe up to $10$~Mpc ($4$~Mpc), with the remaining YSNe Types being detectable closer to Earth.…
The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) collaboration has reported a total of three neutrino candidates from the experiment's first three flights. One of these was the lone candidate in a search for Askaryan radio emission, and the others can be interpreted as tau-neutrinos, with important caveats. Among a variety of explanations for these events, they may be produced by astrophysical transients with various characteristic timescales. We test the hypothesis that these events are astrophysical in origin by searching for IceCube counterparts. Using seven years of IceCube data from 2011…
Recent studies with IceCube have shown signs of a time-integrated flux of astrophysical neutrinos from point-like sources such as TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068. Time-variability of this neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 has been studied extensively by assuming a temporal profile of the possible flare(s) or searching for temporal neutrino correlation with other electromagnetic counterparts. However, experimental evidence of the temporal profile of an astrophysical neutrino signal, besides the TXS 0506+056 source, remains lacking. In this study, we present a new KS-test based method for investigat…
The recent discovery of a diffuse neutrino flux up to PeV energies raises the question of which populations of astrophysical sources contribute to this diffuse signal. One extragalactic candidate source population to produce high-energy neutrinos are Blazars. We present results from a likelihood analysis searching for cumulative neutrino emission from Blazar populations selected with the 2nd Fermi-LAT AGN catalog (2LAC) using an IceCube data set that has been optimized for the detection of individual sources. In contrast to previous searches with IceCube, the investigated populations contain u…
We study high energy neutrino emission from relativistic jets launched by a black hole (BH) spiraling-in inside the envelope of a red supergiant (RSG), and find that such common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) are a potential source for the ~10^15 eV neutrinos detected by IceCube. We first use the stellar evolution code MESA to mimic the effect of the jets on the RSG envelope, and find that the jets substantially inflate the envelope. We then study the propagation of jets inside the extended RSG envelope and find that in most cases the jets do not penetrate the envelope but are rather stalle…
The IceCube Collaboration has recently reported evidence for a high-energy extraterrestrial neutrino flux. During two years of operation 28 events with energies between 30 TeV and 1.2 PeV were observed while only 10.6 events were expected from conventional atmospheric backgrounds. The hadronic interactions responsible for this IceCube excess will also produce a flux of high-energy gamma-rays that can serve as a probe of source direction and distance. We show that existing TeV to PeV diffuse gamma-ray limits support the interpretation that the IceCube excess is mostly of extragalactic origin. H…
IceCube-Gen2 is a planned extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole designed to study the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies with a five times better point source sensitivity than the current IceCube detector. This is achieved by deploying 120 new strings with attached optical sensors in a pattern around IceCube that features considerably larger distances between individual strings than the $\sim$125$\,$m for the existing detector. Here, we present the results of an optimization study searching for the best point source sensitivity while varying the IceCube…
It has been proposed that the gamma ray burst - supernova connection may manifest itself in a significant fraction of core collapse supernovae possessing mildly relativistic jets that do not break out of the stellar envelope. Neutrinos would provide proof of the existence of these jets. In the present letter we calculate the event rate of ~100 GeV neutrino-induced cascades in km^3 detectors. We also calculate the event rate for ~10 GeV neutrinos of all flavors with the DeepCore low energy extension of IceCube. The added event rate significantly improves the ability of km^3 detectors to search …
With infrared luminosities $L_{\mathrm{IR}} \geq 10^{12} L_{\odot}$, Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) are the most luminous objects in the infrared sky. They are predominantly powered by starburst regions with star-formation rates $\gtrsim 100~ M_{\odot}~ \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$. ULIRGs can also host an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Both the starburst and AGN environments contain plausible hadronic accelerators, making ULIRGs candidate neutrino sources. We present the results of an IceCube stacking analysis searching for high-energy neutrinos from a representative sample of 75 ULIRGs with …
