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arXiv 1705.06752astro-ph.HE
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IIn型超新星的点源和扩散高能中微子发射

Point-source and diffuse high-energy neutrino emission from Type IIn supernovae

Maria Petropoulou, Stefan Coenders, Georgios Vasilopoulos, Atish Kamble, Lorenzo Sironi

摘要:

I型超新星(SNe)是核心坍缩超新星的一个罕见子类,在致密的星周介质中爆炸,这些介质在最后的演化阶段被SNe祖先修改。自由膨胀的SN喷出物与星周介质的相互作用引起了在致密SN环境中传播的冲击波,这可能会加速质子到多PeV的能量。冲击加速质子和星周介质质子之间的非弹性质子-质子碰撞导致多信使信号。在这里,我们评估可能的中微子信号的类型IIn SNe和冰立方观测比较。我们采用蒙特卡罗方法计算的扩散中微子发射的SN IIn类占其属性的传播。累积的中微子发射被认为是10%的观察到的冰立方中微子通量超过60 TeV。只有当所有核心坍缩SNe中有4%属于这种类型,并且20%到30%的冲击能量被引导到加速质子中时,I型In SNe才是弥漫天体物理通量的主要组成部分。利用IceCube观测单个IIn SN作为中微子点源,利用上行μ子中微子,可以获得较低的加速效率。在SN冲击爆发后的第一年,对于20 Mpc以内的源,这样的识别是可能的。

英文摘要:

Type IIn supernovae (SNe), a rare subclass of core collapse SNe, explode in dense circumstellar media that have been modified by the SNe progenitors at their last evolutionary stages. The interaction of the freely expanding SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium gives rise to a shock wave propagating in the dense SN environment, which may accelerate protons to multi-PeV energies. Inelastic proton-proton collisions between the shock-accelerated protons and those of the circumstellar medium lead to multi-messenger signatures. Here, we evaluate the possible neutrino signal of type IIn SNe and compare with IceCube observations. We employ a Monte Carlo method for the calculation of the diffuse neutrino emission from the SN IIn class to account for the spread in their properties. The cumulative neutrino emission is found to be ~ 10 per cent of the observed IceCube neutrino flux above 60 TeV. Type IIn SNe would be the dominant component of the diffuse astrophysical flux, only if 4 per cent of all core collapse SNe were of this type and 20 to 30 per cent of the shock energy was channeled to accelerated protons. Lower values of the acceleration efficiency are accessible by the observation of a single type IIn SN as a neutrino point source with IceCube using up-going muon neutrinos. Such an identification is possible in the first year following the SN shock breakout for sources within 20 Mpc.

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