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arXiv 1111.5575astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th
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宇宙学中的零点量子涨落

Zero-point quantum fluctuations in cosmology

Lukas Hollenstein, Maud Jaccard, Michele Maggiore, Ermis Mitsou

摘要:

我们重新研究了经典的Friedmann-Robertson-Walker背景下零点量子涨落的重整化问题。我们讨论了一些问题时出现的动量空间截断正则化的理论,并明确显示如何引入非协变的反条款允许获得协变的结果重整化真空能量动量张量。本文澄清了文献中关于真空涨落状态方程的一些混乱之处。进一步指出,如果理论包含质量m小于哈勃参数H(t)的标量场φ,则有效作用量的一般结构会变得更丰富。这样的超轻粒子不可能完全整合出来而得到有效的作用。除了体积项和爱因斯坦-希尔伯特项,它们被重新吸收到宇宙学常数和牛顿常数的重整化中,有效作用量一般也有一个与F(phi)R成比例的项,对于某个函数F(phi)。因此,超轻标量场的真空涨落自然会导致暗能量密度具有以下形式的模型:rho_{DE}(t)=rho_X(t)+rho_Z(t),其中rho_X是在后期加速哈勃膨胀的分量,rho_Z(t)是与H^2(t)成比例的额外贡献。我们进行了详细的比较,这些模型与CMB,SNIa和BAO数据。

英文摘要:

We re-examine the classic problem of the renormalization of zero-point quantum fluctuations in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background. We discuss a number of issues that arise when regularizing the theory with a momentum-space cutoff, and show explicitly how introducing non-covariant counter-terms allows to obtain covariant results for the renormalized vacuum energy-momentum tensor. We clarify some confusion in the literature concerning the equation of state of vacuum fluctuations. Further, we point out that the general structure of the effective action becomes richer if the theory contains a scalar field phi with mass m smaller than the Hubble parameter H(t). Such an ultra-light particle cannot be integrated out completely to get the effective action. Apart from the volume term and the Einstein-Hilbert term, that are reabsorbed into renormalizations of the cosmological constant and Newton's constant, the effective action in general also has a term proportional to F(phi)R, for some function F(phi). As a result, vacuum fluctuations of ultra-light scalar fields naturally lead to models where the dark energy density has the form rho_{DE}(t)=rho_X(t)+rho_Z(t), where rho_X is the component that accelerates the Hubble expansion at late times and rho_Z(t) is an extra contribution proportional to H^2(t). We perform a detailed comparison of such models with CMB, SNIa and BAO data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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