We present an approach for computing the real parts of the nonleptonic B to DP and B to D-bar P (P=K,pi) decay amplitudes by using lattice QCD methods. While it remains very challenging to calculate the imaginary parts of these matrix elements on the lattice, we stress that their real parts play a significant role in extracting the angle gamma in the b-d unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. The real part on its own gives a lower bound to the absolute magnitude of the amplitude which is in itself an important constraint for determining gamma. Also the relevant phase can be obtained by using B-decays in conjunction with relevant charm decay data. Direct four-point function calculations on the lattice, while computationally demanding, does yield the real part as that is not impeded by the Maiani-Testa theorem. As an approximation, we argue that the chiral expansion of these decays is valid in a framework similar to that of hard-pion chiral perturbation theory. In addition to constructing the leading-order operators, we also discuss the features of the next-to-leading order chiral expansion. These include the contributions from the resonance states, as well as the generic forms of the chiral logarithms.
These lectures (given at TASI 2000) provide an introduction to lattice methods for nonperturbative studies of Quantum Chromodynamics. Lecture 1 (Ch. 2) is a very vanilla introduction to lattice QCD. Lecture 2 (Ch. 3) describes examples of recent lattice calculations relevant to fixing the parameters of the CKM matrix.
We calculate the NRQCD matrix elements for the decays of the lowest-lying S- and P-wave states of charmonium and bottomonium in quenched lattice QCD. We also compute the one-loop relations between the lattice and continuum matrix elements.
The exact matching condition is given for hadron matrix elements calculated in any two different schemes, in particular, in the lattice and dimensional regularization, (modified) minimal subtraction $\overline{\rm MS}$ schemes. The result provides insight into and permits to go beyond Lepage and Mackenzie's mean field theory of removing tadpole contributions in lattice operators.
Lattice results for heavy light matrix elements are reviewed and some of their implications are very briefly discussed. Despite the fact that in most cases the lattice results for weak matrix elements at the moment have only a modest accuracy of about 20--30\% they already have important phenomenological repercussions; e.g.\ for $V_{td}/V_{ts}$, $x_s/x_d$ and $B\to K^\astγ$. Presented at the XXVII International Conference on High Energy Physics, Glasgow, July 1994.
We describe a random matrix model suitable for the simulation of the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator on the lattice for Wilson fermions. We compare the obtained global eigenvalue spectrum for various values of the hopping parameter κwith lattice results of Kalkreuter. The agreement is surprisingly good.
Lattice QCD is an important tool for theoretical input for flavor physics. There have been four reviews by the Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG). This talk will review the current status of the magnitude of eight of the nine CKM matrix elements, borrowing heavily from the most recent FLAG review (co-authored by the speaker). Future prospects for improving the determination of the CKM matrix will be discussed.
A full determination of the CKM matrix using recent results from lattice QCD is presented. To extract the CKM matrix in a uniform fashion, I exclusively use results from unquenched lattice QCD as the theory input for nonperturbative QCD effects. All 9 CKM matrix elements and all 4 Wolfenstein parameters are obtained from results for gold-plated quantities, which include semileptonic decay form factors and leptonic decay constants of B, D and K mesons, and B^0-\bar{B}^0 and K^0-\bar{K}^0 mixing amplitudes.
Matrix elements of the form $ <0| Tr \; g^{2}GG |G> $ are calculated using the lattice QCD Monte Carlo method. Here, $|G>$ is a glueball state with quantum numbers $ 0^{++}$, $ 2^{++}$, $ 0^{-+}$ and $G$ is the gluon field strength operator. The matrix elements are obtained from the hybrid correlation functions of the fuzzy and plaquette operators performed on the $12^{4}$ and $14^{4}$ lattices at $β= 5.9 $ and $5.96$ respectively. These matrix elements are compared with those from the QCD sum rules and the tensor meson dominance model. They are the non-perturbative matrix elements needed in t…
I discuss the role of lattice QCD in testing the Standard Model and searching for physics beyond the Standard Model in the quark flavor sector. I first review the Standard Model CKM framework. I then present the current status of the CKM matrix, focusing on determinations of CKM matrix elements and constraints on the CKM unitarity triangle that rely on lattice QCD calculations of weak matrix elements. I also show the potential impact of improved lattice QCD calculations on the global CKM unitarity triangle fit. I then describe several hints of new physics in the quark flavor sector that rely o…
We examine the relation of moments of parton distribution functions to matrix elements of non-local operators computed in lattice quantum chromodynamics. We argue that after the continuum limit is taken, these non-local matrix elements give access to moments that are finite and can be matched to those defined in the $\overline{MS}$ scheme. We demonstrate this fact with a numerical computation of moments through non-local matrix elements in the quenched approximation and we find that these moments are in excellent agreement with the moments obtained from direct computations of local twist-2 mat…
We calculate the long-distance matrix elements for the decays of the lowest-lying S- and P-wave states of charmonium and bottomonium in quenched lattice QCD, using a nonrelativistic formulation for the heavy quarks. (The short-distance coefficients are known from perturbation theory.) In particular, we present the first calculation from QCD first principles of the color-octet contribution to P-wave decay---a contribution that is absent in potential models. We also give the relations between the lattice matrix elements and their continuum counterparts through one-loop order in perturbation theo…
The nucleon decay matrix elements of three-quark operators are calculated with domain-wall fermions. Operators are renormalized non-perturbatively to match the MS bar (NDR) scheme at NLO. Quenched simulation studies involve both direct measurement of the matrix elements and the chiral Lagrangian parameters, alpha and beta. We also report on the dynamical quark effects on these parameters.
I review recent developments in lattice weak matrix element calculations. I focus on on $f_B$ (both with propagating quarks and in the static limit for the $b$ quark), semi-leptonic form factors for $D$ meson decay, form factors for $B \to K^* γ$, and $B_K$. [Review presented at Lattice '93]
We calculate the long-distance matrix elements for the decays of the Upsilon (eta_b) and chi_b (h_b) states in lattice QCD with two flavors of light dynamical quarks. We relate the lattice matrix elements to their continuum counterparts through one-loop order in perturbation theory. In the case of the leading S-wave matrix element, we compare our result with a phenomenological value that we extract from the experimental leptonic decay rate by using the theoretical expression for the decay rate, accurate through relative order alpha_s. Whereas estimates of the leading S-wave matrix element from…
We use lattice QCD to calculate the B-mixing hadronic matrix elements for a basis of effective four-quark operators that spans the space of all possible contributions in, and beyond, the Standard Model. We present results for the SU(3)-breaking ratio and discuss our ongoing calculation of the mixing matrix elements, including the first calculation of the beyond the Standard Model matrix elements from unquenched lattice QCD.
Using the language of non-relativistic effective Lagrangians, we formulate a systematic framework for the calculation of resonance matrix elements in lattice QCD. The generalization of the Lüscher-Lellouch formula for these matrix elements is derived. We further discuss in detail the procedure of the analytic continuation of the resonance matrix elements into the complex energy plane and investigate the infinite-volume limit.
A brief discussion of the recent lattice studies of the quantities that are relevant to the Standard Model description of CP-violation in the hadronic sector is presented. A comment on B-->K* gamma decay is made too.
A preconditioning for the Wilson fermion matrix on the lattice is defined which is particularly suited to the case when the temporal lattice spacing is much smaller than the spatial one. Details on the implementation of the scheme are given. The method is tested in numerical studies of QCD on anisotropic lattices.
Recently, a non-Hermitian chiral random matrix model was proposed to describe the eigenvalues of the QCD Dirac operator at nonzero chemical potential. This matrix model can be constructed from QCD by mapping it to an equivalent matrix model which has the same symmetries as QCD with chemical potential. Its microscopic spectral correlations are conjectured to be identical to those of the QCD Dirac operator. We investigate this conjecture by comparing large ensembles of Dirac eigenvalues in quenched SU(3) lattice QCD at nonzero chemical potential to the analytical predictions of the matrix model.…
We compute the leading non-analytic contributions of the form m_q Log(m_q) to matrix elements of twist-2 operators in the nucleon and pion using effective field theory. Previously omitted one-loop contributions that are related to tree-level matrix elements by chiral symmetry are included.
Results on semileptonic decay matrix elements of heavy-light mesons and charmonium spectrum and decay constant using a fine quenched lattice are presented.
We report on our on-going project to calculate proton decay matrix elements using domain-wall fermions on the lattice. By summarizing the history of the proton decay calculation on the lattice, we reveal the systematic errors of those calculations. Then we discuss our approach to tackle those uncertainties and show our preliminary results on the matrix elements.
Chiral random matrix theory makes very detailed predictions for the spectral correlations of the QCD Dirac operator, both in the bulk of the spectrum and near zero virtuality. These predictions have been successfully tested in lattice QCD simulations by several groups. Moreover, the domain of validity of random matrix theory has been predicted theoretically and identified in lattice data. In this talk, the current numerical evidence is reviewed.
We describe a lattice calculation of the matrix elements relevant for glueball production in $J / ψ$ radiative decays. The techniques for such a calculation on anisotropic lattices with an improved action are outlined. We present preliminary results showing the efficacy of the computational method.
The static-light matrix element needed to determine $f_B$ is studied on an anisotropic lattice with $N_f=2$. The improvement in precision due to stout links and all-to-all propagators is investigated.
In this paper we review recent progress in hadron structure using lattice QCD simulations, with main focus in the evaluation of nucleon matrix elements. We highlight developments that may guide new Physics searches, such as the scalar and tensor charges, as well as, the neutron electric dipole moment.
We analyze complete spectra of the lattice Dirac operator in SU(2) gauge theory and demonstrate that the distribution of low-lying eigenvalues is described by random matrix theory. We present possible practical applications of this random-matrix universality. In particular, reliable extrapolations of lattice gauge data to the thermodynamic limit are discussed.
The functional integral representation for fermionic observables on the lattice is studied. In particular, Grassmannian representations of the scalar $\hatJ^{(S)}$ and pseudoscalar $\hatJ^{(P)}$ currents and pseudoscalar correlator are derived. It is also discussed the connection between the fermionic Fock space and boundary conditions along the time direction.
Lattice results for matrix elements of light quark operators are reviewed. The discussion is focused on recent theoretical progress and new numerical calculations which appeared after the Lattice 2000 Conference.
Recent developments in lattice QCD calculation of weak matrix elements involving light quarks are described. We focus on four topics: $B_K$ with the Kogut-Susskind and Wilson quark actions, $ΔI=1/2$ rule, proton decay matrix elements and the application of domain wall QCD to calculation of weak matrix elements.
We derive the relations necessary for the extraction of matrix elements of multi-hadron systems from finite-volume QCD calculations. We focus on systems of $n \ge 2$ weakly interacting identical particles without spin. These results will be useful in extracting physical quantities from lattice QCD measurements of such matrix elements in many-pion and many-kaon systems
We show that in the spin-network basis it is possible to compute the matrix elements of any given operator of the Hamiltonian formulation of Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT). We give the explicit calculation for the case of the plaquette operator.
Neutral-meson mixing is loop suppressed in the Standard Model, leading to the possibility of enhanced sensitivity to new physics. The uncertainty in Standard Model predictions for $B$-meson oscillation frequencies is dominated by theoretical uncertainties within the short-distance $B$-meson hadronic matrix elements, motivating the need for improved precision. In $D$-meson mixing, the Standard Model short-distance contributions are further suppressed by the GIM mechanism allowing for the possibility of large new physics enhancements. A first-principle determination of the $D$-meson short-distan…
Recent developments in lattice QCD calculation of flavor singlet nucleon matrix elements are reviewed. Substantial sea quark contributions are found in the $π$-$N\ σ$ term and the quark spin content of the nucleon such that the total magnitude including valence contributions is in reasonable agreement with experiments. Some problems with flavor non-singlet nucleon matrix elements are pointed out. Recent work on lattice QCD calculation of hadron scattering length is also discussed.
Some recent developments in the calculation of weak matrix elements on the lattice are reviewed. In particular, we concentrate on the application of MPSTV non-perturbative renormalization method to the operators relevant to kaon physics. The chiral behaviour of the $B_K$ parameter and the long-standing question of the $ΔI=1/2$ rule are discussed.
We investigate the problem of mapping, through the Morita equivalence, odd dimensional noncommutative lattice gauge theories onto suitable matrix models. We specialize our analysis to noncommutative three dimensional QED (NCQED) and scalar QED (NCSQED), for which we explicitly build the corresponding Matrix Model.
We give a progress report of our new $a^{-1}\approx 3$ GeV quenched calculation of kaon matrix elements with domain-wall fermion and DBW2 gauge action. Our smaller lattice spacing allows us to address the effect of charmed quark on the lattice. We show preliminary results of $B_K$ renormalized non-perturbatively and $K\toπ$ matrix elements.
We provide first evidence that Matrix Models describe the low lying complex Dirac eigenvalues in a theory with dynamical fermions at non-zero density. Lattice data for gauge group SU(2) with staggered fermions are compared to detailed analytical results from Matrix Models in the corresponding symmetry class, the complex chiral Symplectic Ensemble. They confirm the predicted dependence on chemical potential, quark mass and volume.
A manifestly supersymmetric nonperturbative matrix regularization for a twisted version of N=(8,8) theory on a curved background (a two-sphere) is constructed. Both continuum and the matrix regularization respect four exact scalar supersymmetries under a twisted version of the supersymmetry algebra. We then discuss a succinct Q=1 deformed matrix model regularization of N=4 SYM in d=4, which is equivalent to a non-commutative $A_4^*$ orbifold lattice formulation. Motivated by recent progress in supersymmetric lattices, we also propose a N=1/4 supersymmetry preserving deformation of N=4 SYM theo…
