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arXiv 1111.2905astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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低红移高密度早型星系中非普适恒星初始质量函数的证据

Evidence for a non-universal stellar initial mass function in low-redshift high-density early-type galaxies

Aaron A. Dutton, J. Trevor Mendel, Luc Simard

摘要:

本文利用SDSS DR 7的观测数据,对本宇宙中红移z \simeq 0. 08的早期星系中的密度为\simeq 3%的星系进行了恒星质光比的绝对定标。这个由\sim 4000个星系组成的样本,假设具有夏布里耶IMF,有效恒星表面密度σ_e > 2500 M_sun/pc ^2,恒星星族合成(SPS)恒星质量log_10(M_sps/M_sun)<10.8,孔径速度色散σ_ap=168^{+37}_{-34} km/s(68%范围)。与典型的早型星系相比,我们发现这些致密的早型星系遵循维里基本平面,这表明质量遵循光。再加上任何暗物质都不随光运动的假设,稠密星系的动力学质量就可以直接测量恒星的质量。我们的动力学质量(M_dyn),从球形Jeans方程得到,对各向异性(β)的选择只有微弱的敏感性,这是由于这些星系的SDSS纤维的相对大的孔径:R_ap \simeq 1.5 R_e。假设各向同性轨道(β=0),我们发现中值log_{10}(M_dyn/M_sps)= 0.233 \pm 0.003,与Salpeter IMF一致,而更多的底部重IMF和标准的Milky-Way IMF强烈不受欢迎。我们的研究结果是一致的,但不需要,依赖于国际货币基金组织的动态质量或速度色散。我们发现的证据表明,颜色依赖于IMF,红星系有较重的IMF与M_dyn/M_sps \propto(g-r)^{1.13 \pm 0.09}。这可能反映了IMF对恒星星族的年龄或金属丰度,或恒星形成时的密度的更基本的依赖性。

英文摘要:

We determine an absolute calibration of stellar mass-to-light ratios for the densest \simeq 3% of early-type galaxies in the local universe (redshift z\simeq 0.08) from SDSS DR7. This sample of \sim 4000 galaxies has, assuming a Chabrier IMF, effective stellar surface densities, Sigma_e > 2500 M_sun/pc^2, stellar population synthesis (SPS) stellar masses log_10(M_sps/M_sun)<10.8, and aperture velocity dispersions of sigma_ap=168^{+37}_{-34} km/s (68% range). In contrast to typical early-type galaxies, we show that these dense early-type galaxies follow the virial fundamental plane, which suggests that mass-follows-light. With the additional assumption that any dark matter does not follow the light, the dynamical masses of dense galaxies provide a direct measurement of stellar masses. Our dynamical masses (M_dyn), obtained from the spherical Jeans equations, are only weakly sensitive to the choice of anisotropy (β) due to the relatively large aperture of the SDSS fiber for these galaxies: R_ap \simeq 1.5 R_e. Assuming isotropic orbits (β=0) we find a median log_{10} (M_dyn/M_sps) = 0.233 \pm 0.003, consistent with a Salpeter IMF, while more bottom heavy IMFs and standard Milky-Way IMFs are strongly disfavored. Our results are consistent with, but do not require, a dependence of the IMF on dynamical mass or velocity dispersion. We find evidence for a color dependence to the IMF such that redder galaxies have heavier IMFs with M_dyn/M_sps \propto (g-r)^{1.13\pm0.09}. This may reflect a more fundamental dependence of the IMF on the age or metallicity of a stellar population, or the density at which the stars formed.

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