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arXiv 1003.3432astro-ph.CO
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早期宇宙中的无尘类星体

Dust-free quasars in the early Universe

Linhua Jiang, Xiaohui Fan, W. N. Brandt, Chris L. Carilli, Eiichi Egami, Dean C. Hines, Jaron D. Kurk, Gordon T. Richards, Yue Shen, Michael A. Strauss, Mariann… 展开作者

Linhua Jiang, Xiaohui Fan, W. N. Brandt, Chris L. Carilli, Eiichi Egami, Dean C. Hines, Jaron D. Kurk, Gordon T. Richards, Yue Shen, Michael A. Strauss, Marianne Vestergaard, Fabian Walter

摘要:

已知最遥远的类星体,在红移z=6时,通常在静止坐标系的紫外/光学和X射线波段具有与低红移类星体无法区分的性质。这个令人困惑的结果表明,这些遥远的类星体是进化的物体,即使宇宙在这些红移时只有其当前年龄的7%。最近,一个z=6的类星体被证明没有任何来自热尘的可检测的发射,但目前还不清楚这是否表明在高红移时热尘的性质不同,或者它只是一个异常值。在这里,我们报告的第二个类星体的发现没有热尘排放的样本中的21 z=6类星体。这种明显没有热尘的类星体在低红移时没有对应物。此外,我们还证明了21个类星体中的热尘丰度与中心黑洞的生长是同步的,而在低红移时,它几乎与黑洞质量无关。因此z=6的类星体确实处于早期演化阶段,具有快速的质量吸积和尘埃形成。这两个没有热尘的类星体很可能是在无尘环境中诞生的第一代类星体,它们太年轻了,无法在周围形成可检测到的热尘。

英文摘要:

The most distant quasars known, at redshifts z=6, generally have properties indistinguishable from those of lower-redshift quasars in the rest-frame ultraviolet/optical and X-ray bands. This puzzling result suggests that these distant quasars are evolved objects even though the Universe was only seven per cent of its current age at these redshifts. Recently one z=6 quasar was shown not to have any detectable emission from hot dust, but it was unclear whether that indicated different hot-dust properties at high redshift or if it is simply an outlier. Here we report the discovery of a second quasar without hot-dust emission in a sample of 21 z=6 quasars. Such apparently hot-dust-free quasars have no counterparts at low redshift. Moreover, we demonstrate that the hot-dust abundance in the 21 quasars builds up in tandem with the growth of the central black hole, whereas at low redshift it is almost independent of the black hole mass. Thus z=6 quasars are indeed at an early evolutionary stage, with rapid mass accretion and dust formation. The two hot-dust-free quasars are likely to be first-generation quasars born in dust-free environments and are too young to have formed a detectable amount of hot dust around them.

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