The IceCube Collaboration
Searches for point sources of astrophysical neutrinos and related measurements: Searches for steady and time-variable sources; Follow-up programs; AGNs; GRBs; Moon shadow; Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
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Atmospheric neutrino oscillations with DeepCore; Supernova detection with IceCube and beyond; Study of South Pole ice transparency with IceCube flashers; Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
All sky neutrino searches: Atmospheric neutrinos; Astrophysical neutrinos; Cosmegenic neutrinos; Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
Exotic particle searches: WIMPs annihilating in the Sun, in the galactic center, in nearby dwarf galaxies; magnetic monopoles; Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
Cosmic rays and related measurements: IceTop overview; IceTop calibration; Cosmic ray composition; Air shower measurements; Studies of cosmic ray muons; Studies of PeV gamma rays; Cosmic ray anisotropy; Forbush decrease; Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
Proposed enhancements of the IceCube observatory. Submitted papers to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing 2011.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory opened the window on neutrino astronomy by discovering high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013 and identifying the first compelling astrophysical neutrino source, the blazar TXS0506+056, in 2017. In this talk, we will discuss the science reach and ongoing development of the IceCube-Gen2 facility---a planned extension to IceCube. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by an order of magnitude, be able to detect five-times fainter neutrino sources, and extend the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos several orders of magnitude high…
Radio measurements of air showers with the IceCube-Gen2 surface prototype station at the Pierre Auger Observatory
本文介绍了在皮埃尔·奥格天文台运行的IceCube-Gen2地面原型站对空气簇射无线电信号的观测，通过与奥格地面探测器符合观测验证了信号有效性，并将更新分析结果与CoREAS模拟进行了对比。
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array: Joint Contribution to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017)
冰立方、皮埃尔·奥格尔和望远镜阵列合作组共同参与第35届国际宇宙射线会议，展示其在高能天体物理领域的研究成果。
A prototype station of the IceCube-Gen2 Surface Array at the Pierre Auger Observatory
本研究分析了IceCube-Gen2原型站无线电天线观测到的空气簇射，并与Pierre Auger Observatory最密集阵列的水切伦科夫探测器探测结果相符，实现了两项实验的交叉验证。
This paper reports on recent results from measurements of energy spectrum and nuclear composition of galactic cosmic rays performed with the IceCube Observatory at the South Pole in the energy range between about 300 TeV and 1 EeV.
Observation of air showers with an IceCube-Gen2 prototype station at the Pierre Auger Observatory
本文报告了部署在皮埃尔·奥格观测站的 IceCube-Gen2 原型站首批结果，实现了无线电天线与水切伦科夫探测器对空气簇射的首次符合探测，并观测到银河系噪声。
The evaluation of mass composition of cosmic rays in the knee region ($\sim 3$ PeV) is critical to understanding the transition in the origin of cosmic rays from galactic to extragalactic sources. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole is a multi-component detector consisting of the surface IceTop array and the deep in-ice IceCube detector. By applying modern machine-learning techniques to cosmic-ray air showers reconstructed coincidentally in both detector components of IceCube observatory, the energy and the mass of primary cosmic rays in this transition region can be measured. I…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory with its 1-km^3 in-ice detector and the 1-km^2 surface detector (IceTop) constitutes a three-dimensional cosmic ray detector well suited for general cosmic ray physics. Various measurements of cosmic ray properties, such as energy spectra, mass composition and anisotropies, have been obtained from analyses of air showers at the surface and/or atmospheric muons in the ice.
Three-year performance of the IceAct telescopes at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文回顾了IceCube中微子天文台IceAct望远镜在南极三年的运行性能，表明其约10 TeV的能量阈值和宽广视场能提供现有探测器无法获取的簇射信息，有效改善宇宙线组成研究。
An improved mapping of ice layer undulations for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文利用LED校准数据独立推导冰层倾斜，提出全体积倾斜模型，证实正交方向倾斜并发现沿冰流的新分量，提升冰立方探测器性能。
The completed IceCube Observatory, the first km^3 neutrino telescope, is already providing the most stringent limits on the flux of high energy cosmic neutrinos from point-like and diffuse galactic and extra-galactic sources. The non-detection of extra-terrestrial neutrinos has important consequences on the origin of the cosmic rays. Here the current status of astrophysical neutrino searches, and of the observation of a persistent cosmic ray anisotropy above 100 TeV, are reviewed.
In 2018, the IceCube collaboration reported evidence for the identification of a blazar as an astrophysical neutrino source. That evidence is briefly summarised here before focusing on the prospects of tau neutrino physics in IceCube, both at high energies (astrophysical neutrinos) and at lower energies (atmospheric neutrino oscillations). In addition, future neutrino detectors such as KM3NeT and the IceCube Upgrade and their tau neutrino physics potential are discussed. Finally, the detection mechanism for high-energy (tau) neutrinos in the Pierre Auger Observatory and the resulting flux uppe…
Highlights from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文综述IceCube近15年的高能宇宙中微子重大发现，并介绍IceCube Upgrade与IceCube-Gen2的未来科学潜力。
Although IceCube has discovered a diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux, the underlying sources of these neutrinos remain unknown. Transient astrophysical objects, such as fast radio bursts (FRBs), could explain a large percentage of the measured flux. We present the analysis techniques of IceCube searches for MeV to TeV neutrinos from FRBs. As no significant correlation between IceCube neutrinos and FRBs has been found, we present the first limit on MeV neutrino emission from FRBs and the most constraining limits for neutrinos with GeV to TeV energies. We also describe the prospects for future …
Mapping the ice stratigraphy in IceCube using camera deployment footage
本文探索利用IceCube部署时的相机录像获取冰层地层数据，作为成本更低的替代方案，以支持未来IceCube-Gen2的冰层绘图。
IceCube is the first representative of the km^3 class of neutrino telescopes and currently the most sensitive detector to high-energy neutrinos. Its main mission is to search for Galactic and extragalactic sources of high-energy neutrinos, but it is also an excellent detector for the investigation of a variety of other highly topical astrophysics and particle physics topics like supernovae, dark matter and neutrino oscillations. After an introduction to neutrino astronomy and neutrino telescopes, this article presents a selection of latest results from the IceCube neutrino detector with respec…
Realtime analyses are necessary to identify the source of high energy neutrinos. As an observatory with a 4$π$ steradian field of view and near-100% duty cycle, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a unique facility for investigating transients. In 2016, IceCube established a pipeline that uses low-latency data to rapidly respond to astrophysical events that were of interest to the multi-messenger observational community. Here, we describe this pipeline and summarize the results from all of the analyses performed since 2016. We focus not only on those analyses which were performed in response t…
Exploring IceCube Neutrino Alerts with the HAWC Observatory
本研究利用HAWC天文台存档数据，结合IceCat-1的IceCube中微子警报与AMON数据，通过贝叶斯块算法开展伽马-中微子符合搜索，在350个警报中发现25个符合事例，其中1个对应耀发态活动星系核Markarian 421，为多信使天体物理研究提供参考。
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which instruments 1$\,$km$^3$ of clear ice at the geographic South Pole, was mainly designed to detect particles with energies in the multi-GeV to PeV range. Due to ice temperatures between $-20^\circ$C to $-43^\circ$C and the low radioactivity of the ice, the dark noise rates of the 5160 photomultiplier tubes forming the IceCube lattice are of order 500 Hz, which is particularly low for 10 inch photomultipliers. Therefore, IceCube can extend its searches to bursts of $\mathcal{O}$(10$\,$MeV) neutrinos lasting several seconds, which are expected to be produced…
The IceCube collaboration is building a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope at a depth of 2 km at the geographic South Pole, utilizing the clear Antarctic ice as a Cherenkov medium to detect cosmic neutrinos. The IceCube observatory is complemented by IceTop, a square kilometer air shower array on top of the in-ice detector. The construction of the detector is nearly finished with 79 of a planned 86 strings and 73 of 80 IceTop stations deployed. Its completion is expected in the winter 2010/11. Using data from the partially built detector, we present initial results of searches for neutri…
Enhancing searches for astrophysical neutrino sources in IceCube with machine learning and improved spatial modeling
本研究利用改进的探测器与冰层建模及基于梯度提升决策树的vMF空间似然预测事件PSF，提升了IceCube中微子方向与能量重建的灵敏度，并开展了针对PeV宇宙射线源及天鹅座茧区域扩展辐射的搜索分析。
Towards a cosmic ray composition measurement with the IceAct telescopes at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文介绍利用IceAct望远镜与IceTop及深层探测器联合测量宇宙线空气簇射，通过图神经网络和随机森林回归实现成分分析，以改进质量成分研究。
IceCube is a km^3 scale neutrino detector being constructed deep in the Antarctic ice. When complete, IceCube will consist of 4800 optical modules deployed on 80 strings between 1450 and 2450 m of depth. During the 2007-2008 data taking season, 22 strings were operational. This configuration is already much larger than previous neutrino telescopes and provides better sensitivity to point sources of high energy (>1 TeV) neutrino emission. Such astrophysical objects are leading candidates for the acceleration of cosmic rays. We describe the IceCube detector and present the methods and results of…
State of the Ice Model in the IceCube Observatory
本文回顾了 IceCube 中微子天文台冰模型的发展历史、现存问题及改进需求，并指出在升级前审查模型现状的重要性。
Instrumenting a gigaton of ice at the geographic South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been at the forefront of groundbreaking scientific discoveries over the past decade. These include the observation of a flux of TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrinos, detection of the first astrophysical neutrino on the Glashow resonance and evidence of the blazar TXS 0506+056 as the first known astronomical source of high-energy neutrinos. Several questions, however, remain, pertaining to the precise origins of astrophysical neutrinos, their production mechanisms at the source and in Earth's atmosphere…
Hypothesis tests based on unbinned log-likelihood (LLH) functions are a common technique used in multi-messenger astronomy, including IceCube's neutrino point-source searches. We present the general Python-based tool "SkyLLH", which provides a modular framework for implementing and executing log-likelihood functions to perform data analyses with multi-messenger astronomy data. Specific SkyLLH framework features for a new and improved time-integrated IceCube point-source analysis are highlighted, including the support for kernel density estimation (KDE) based probability density functions. In a…
The recent association between IC-170922A and the blazar TXS0506+056 highlights the importance of real-time observations for identifying possible astrophysical neutrino sources. Thanks to its near-100\% duty cycle, 4$π$ steradian field of view, and excellent sensitivity over many decades of energy, IceCube is well suited both to generate alerts for follow-up by other instruments and to rapidly follow up alerts generated by other instruments. Detection of neutrinos in coincidence with transient astrophysical phenomena serves as a smoking gun for hadronic processes and supplies essential informa…
Searches for Galactic Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino observatory
针对银河系带电宇宙线来源未知的问题，介绍了运行十余年的南极IceCube中微子天文台利用切伦科夫光探测原理，开展弥散中微子流及银道面点源、延展源中微子搜寻的相关研究。
Since the end of the eighties and in response to a reported increase in the total neutrino flux in the Homestake experiment in coincidence with a solar flare, solar neutrino detectors have searched for solar flare signals. Neutrinos from the decay of mesons, which are themselves produced in collisions of accelerated protons with the solar atmosphere, would provide a novel window on the underlying physics of the acceleration process. For our studies we focus on the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic kilometer neutrino detector located at the geographical South Pole. Due to its Supernova data…
IceCube, a cubic-kilometer sized neutrino detector at the Geographic South Pole, has recently discovered a diffuse all-flavor flux of astrophysical neutrinos. However, the corresponding astrophysical sources have not yet been identified in current IceCube analyses. We present a method to interpret the results of a recently published angular correlation analysis in IceCube searching for spatial clustering of muon neutrino events in terms of astrophysical models (given by an arbitrary source count distribution). We exemplarily show the resulting limits on the parameters of a class of source coun…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole is a multi-component particle detector consisting of the IceTop surface array and the deep in-ice IceCube array. The foreseen enhancement of the surface instrumentation will consist of plastic scintillator panels read out by silicon photomultipliers. This additional detector component will calibrate the effect of snow accumulation on the IceTop tanks, improve the measurement of cosmic rays, and enhance the atmospheric background rejection for the high-energy astrophysical neutrino detection. Two scintillator prototype stations were deployed at…
We summarize initial results for high-energy neutrino counterpart searches coinciding with gravitational-wave events in LIGO/Virgo's GWTC-2 catalog using IceCube's neutrino triggers. We did not find any statistically significant high-energy neutrino counterpart and derived upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino emission on Earth as well as the isotropic equivalent energy emitted in high-energy neutrinos for each event.
Latest results from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
冰立方中微子观测站通过中微子测量探索高能宇宙，本文总结了最近的成果，包括对NGC 1068持续中微子源的后续研究、弥漫天体中微子风味组成测量、大气中微子限制以及太阳暗物质湮灭中微子搜索，揭示中微子产生机制和超出标准模型的物理。
Construction of the cubic-kilometer neutrino detector IceCube at the South Pole has been completed in December 2010. It forms a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes monitoring a gigaton of the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope is primarily designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV from astrophysical sources. Beyond this astrophysical motivation IceCube is also a discovery instrument for the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low which opens…
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are well-motivated candidates for Dark Matter (DM). WIMP models often include self-annihilation into Standard Model particles such as neutrinos which could potentially be detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Various searches for a dark matter induced signal have been performed with the existing IceCube detector. However, since there is so far no evidence for WIMPs at TeV scales, more attention is brought to DM candidates at GeV masses, for which the IceCube detector is not sensitive due to its energy threshold. The IceCube collaboration is …
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole is a multi-component detector capable of measuring the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition from PeV to EeV, the energy region typically thought to cover the transition from galactic to extragalactic sources of cosmic rays. The IceTop array at the surface is sensitive to the electromagnetic part of the air shower while the deep in-ice array detects the high-energy (TeV) muonic component of air showers. IceTop's reconstructed shower size parameter, S$_{125}$, is unfolded into a high statistics all-particle energy spectrum. Furthermore, fo…
Advanced Northern Tracks Selection using a Graph Convolutional Neural Network for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文提出使用图卷积神经网络（ANTS）改进IceCube中微子天文台中μ子径迹选择，通过整合传感器数据与探测器几何排列，提升背景抑制效率。
Highlights from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
IceCube运行超十年，通过统计积累与工具改进，在ICRC2023展示多项成果，包括首次观测银河系平面中微子、点源NGC1068等，未来有望推动多领域发展。
IceCube-Gen2 is a planned extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole designed to study the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies with a five times better point source sensitivity than the current IceCube detector. This is achieved by deploying 120 new strings with attached optical sensors in a pattern around IceCube that features considerably larger distances between individual strings than the $\sim$125$\,$m for the existing detector. Here, we present the results of an optimization study searching for the best point source sensitivity while varying the IceCube…
Improved Gamma-Hadron Separation for PeV Photon Searches with IceCube (ICRC 2025)
本研究结合IceTop表面阵列与IceCube深部光学探测器，利用强子簇射含高能μ子、光子簇射多无μ子的特性及横向分布信息，将PeV能段伽马-强子分离提升至优于10⁻³，拓展低能段后为搜寻PeV光子源提供了发现潜力。
The IceCube neutrino telescope monitors one cubic kilometer of deep Antarctic ice by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted from charged secondaries produced when neutrinos interact in the ice. The geometry of the detector, which comprises a lattice of 5160 photomultipliers, is optimized for the detection of neutrinos above 100 GeV. However, at subfreezing ice temperatures, dark noise rates are low enough that a high flux of MeV neutrinos streaming through the detector may be recognized by a collective rate enhancement in all photomultipliers. This method can be used to search for the signal of c…
First results of low-energy neutrino follow-ups of Run O4 compact binary mergers with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本文报告了在第四次观测运行初期，利用IceCube搜寻紧凑双星并合产生的0.5-5 GeV低能中微子的首批结果，通过探测并合时间附近的事件数量增加来限制中微子源种群，并分析了与高能搜寻的互补性。
We present a model-independent interpretation of searches for dark matter annihilation in the Sun using an effective field theory approach. We identify a set of effective operators contributing to spin-dependent scattering of dark matter with protons in the non-relativistic limit and explore simple new physics models which would give rise to such operators. Using the limits on the spin-dependent scattering cross-section set by the IceCube collaboration in their search for dark matter annihilation in the Sun, we derive limits on effective couplings and corresponding masses of mediating particle…
Searches for IceCube Neutrinos Coincident with Gravitational Wave Events
本研究利用IceCube中微子天文台在LIGO和Virgo第三次观测运行期间，通过低延迟跟进、高能径迹存档搜寻和低能搜寻，给出了引力波事件中微子通量和各向同性等效能量的上限，并规划了未来O4运行和高能级联数据分析计划。
Understanding cosmic acceleration mechanisms, such as jet formation in black holes, star collapses or binary mergers, and the propagation of accelerated particles in the universe is still a `work in progress' and requires a multi-messenger approach, exploiting the complementarities across all possible probes: ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR), gamma-rays and neutrinos. In this report I will summarize some of the IceCube results concerning searches for astrophysical neutrino point sources and diffuse fluxes from populations of sources widely distributed in the sky or from the interactions o…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory provides the opportunity to perform unique measurements of cosmic-ray air showers with its combination of a surface array and a deep detector. Electromagnetic particles and low-energy muons ($\sim$GeV) are detected by IceTop, while a bundle of high-energy muons ($\gtrsim$400 GeV) can be measured in coincidence in IceCube. Predictions of air-shower observables based on simulations show a strong dependence on the choice of the high-energy hadronic interaction model. By reconstructing different composition-dependent observables, one can provide strong tests of had…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most powerful events observed in our universe and have long been considered as possible sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which makes them promising neutrino source candidates. Previous IceCube searches for neutrino correlations with GRBs focused on the prompt (main emission) phase of the GRB and found no significant correlation between neutrino events and the observed GRBs. This motivates us to extend our search beyond the prompt phase. We perform analyses looking for evidence of neutrino emission up to 14 days before and after the prompt phase of…
Multi-messenger searches for gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos provide important insights into the dynamics of and particle acceleration by black holes and neutron stars. With LIGO's third observing period (O3), the number of gravitational wave detections has been substantially increased. The rapid identification of joint signals is crucial for electromagnetic follow-up observations of transient emission that is only detectable for short periods of time. High-energy neutrino direction can be reconstructed to sub-degree precision, making a joint detection far better localized than a…
The construction of the IceCube neutrino observatory is practically terminated. At the time of this writing, and with 79 strings taking data out of the 86 foreseen, we are one deployment season away from completion. The detector, however, has been taking data since 2006 in different partial configurations. We have evaluated these data for evidence of dark matter annihilations in the Sun, in the Galactic Center and in the Galactic Halo, searching for an excess neutrino flux over the expected atmospheric neutrino background. This contribution reviews the results of dark matter searches for WIMPs…
The advent of Multi-Messenger Astronomy has allowed for new types of source searches within the neutrino community. We present the results of the first search for GeV astrophysical neutrinos emitted from Compact Binary Mergers, i.e. binary black hole or binary neutron star mergers, detected by the LIGO and Virgo interferometers. We introduce a new approach that lowers the energy threshold of IceCube from roughly 10 GeV to <1 GeV. This method uses an innovative event selection of GeV neutrino events in IceCube and searches for a statistically significant increase in the amount of GeV-like event…
The IceCube neutrino observatory is a 3D array of photodetectors installed in the Antarctic ice. It consists of 5,160 photomultiplier-tubes spread among 86 vertical strings making a total detector volume of more than a cubic kilometer. It detects neutrinos via Cherenkov light of charged relativistic particles from neutrino interactions with the detector volume. IceCube is, due to its size and photosensor spacing, particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos. In this analysis we search for dark matter that annihilates into a metastable mediator that subsequently decays into Standard Model pa…
The IceCube Observatory is a kilometer-cube neutrino telescope under construction at the South Pole and planned to be completed in early 2011. When completed it will consist of 5,160 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) which detect Cherenkov radiation from the charged particles produced in neutrino interactions and by cosmic ray initiated atmospheric showers. IceCube construction is currently 90% complete. A selection of the most recent scientific results are shown here. The measurement of the anisotropy in arrival direction of galactic cosmic rays will also be presented and discussed.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is an array of 5,160 photomultipliers (PMTs) deployed on 86 strings at 1.5-2.5 km depth within the ice at the South Pole. The main goal of the IceCube experiment is the detection of an astrophysical neutrino signal. In this contribution we present the results of the point source analysis on the data taken from April 2008 to May 2011, when three detector configurations were operated: the 40-string configuration (IC-40), the 59-string configuration (IC-59) and the 79-string configuration (IC-79). No significant excess indicative of point sources of neutrinos has …
Located at the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world largest neutrino telescope, instrumenting one cubic kilometre of Antarctic ice at a depth between 1450m to 2450m. In 2013 IceCube reported the first observations of a diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux. Although the IceCube Collaboration has identified more than 100 high-energy neutrino events, the origin of this neutrino flux is still not known. Blazars, a subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei and one of the most powerful classes of objects in the Universe, have long been considered promising sources of high en…
Probing neutrino emission at GeV energies from astrophysical transient events with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
本研究利用IceCube首次搜寻了最亮伽马射线暴GRB 221009A在低于5 GeV能量范围内的天体物理中微子信号，并提出了未来通过增加方向重建和优化噪声剔除来改进低能中微子观测的计划。
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