We present an analysis of the 15 February 2011 X-class solar flare, previously reported to produce the first sunquake in solar cycle 24 (Kosovichev 2011). Using acoustic holography, we confirm the first, and report a second, weaker, seismic source associated with this flare. We find that the two sources are located at either end of a sigmoid which indicates the presence of a flux rope. Contrary to the majority of previously reported sunquakes, the acoustic emission precedes the peak of major hard X-ray (HXR) sources by several minutes. Furthermore, the strongest hard X-ray footpoints derived from RHESSI data are found to be located away from the seismic sources in the flare ribbons. We account for these discrepancies within the context of a phenomenological model of a flux rope eruption and accompanying two-ribbon flare. We propose that the sunquakes are triggered at the footpoints of the erupting flux rope at the start of the flare impulsive phase and eruption onset, while the main hard X-ray sources appear later at the footpoints of the flare loops formed under the rising flux rope. Possible implications of this scenario for the theoretical interpretation of the forces driving sunquakes are discussed.
Multiwavelength Observations of the Precursors Before the Eruptive X4.9 Limb Solar Flare on 25 February, 2014: Current Sheet, Eruptive Filament, Flare and Eruption Onset in the Frame of the Tether-Cutting Magnetic Reconnection Scenario
Multi-Wavelength Observations of a Flux Rope Failed in the Eruption and Associated M-Class Flare from NOAA AR 11045
利用TRACE、STEREO、SOHO/MDI、Hinode/XRT和BBSO的空间和地面观测资料,对2010年2月12日试图从NOAA AR 11045爆发的通量绳和相关的M级太阳耀斑进行了多波长观测。当磁绳从活动区上升时,在其一个支点附近触发了M1.1/2F级耀斑。我们认为,耀斑触发是由于重新连接的上升通量绳与周围的低洼磁回路。磁绳以约90 km/s的速度达到约0.15 Rs的投影高度,而软X射线通量在其上升过程中逐渐增强。磁通绳被上覆场抑制,充满的等离子体向其激活位点以西的负极性场移动。我们发现的第一个观测证据的初始抑制的通量绳由于可见的残留灯丝在色球和日冕的温度,在活动区的同一位置前几天的演变。SOHO/MDI磁象图显示在耀斑开始前约12小时出现了一个双极。出现的负极性向磁绳激活点移动,在光球极性反转线(PIL)附近触发耀斑。负极性区域朝向PIL的运动有助于在耀斑和磁绳激活部位积聚磁能。这项研究提供了一个独特的观测证据,上升的通量绳未能爆发,由于残留的灯丝和覆盖的磁场,以及相关的触发M级耀斑。
Data-driven Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations with the MURaM Code: the Emergence of Active Region 11158 and the X2.2 Flare
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University(南京大学天文与空间科学学院);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(现代天文学和天体物理学教育部重点实验室(南京大学))
Direct Observations of Tether-cutting Reconnection During a Major Solar Event From 2014 February 24 to 25
利用太阳动力学天文台大气成像组件的多波长数据,我们研究了2014年2月24日至25日在NOAA AR 11990中连续发生的两次太阳耀斑,一次是C5. 1约束耀斑,另一次是X4. 9喷射耀斑,并伴有晕日冕物质抛射。在受限电弧开始之前,检测到灯丝下方的EUV增亮。当电弧开始时,缠绕在灯丝上的扭曲的螺旋磁通绳(FR)向上移动然后停止,同时在其下方观察到明显的X射线源。在X4.9耀斑爆发之前,活动区中一些预先存在的环结构相互作用,在暗条下方产生了一个增亮区。同时,在相互作用区下方出现了一个小的张开环,环结构远端的新螺旋线逐渐形成并不断加入到原来的扭曲FR中,然后,由于磁压和磁张力的不平衡,新FR与细丝一起向外爆发.我们的观测结果与绳系切割模型吻合得很好,表明这两个耀斑可能具有相同的触发机制,即,断绳重连据我们所知,这是第一次直接观察到在活动区的预先存在的环之间发生的系绳切割重联。在抛射耀斑的情况下,爆发的暗条表现出一个欧米茄状的扭结结构,经历了一个缓慢的上升阶段后,指数上升,表明扭结不稳定性也可能是负责爆发的启动。
Counterintuitive Magnetic Connectivity and Energetic Particle Flux Differences among Nearby Spacecraft During the 2023 February 24 Solar Energetic Particle Event
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of Colorado, Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校)
Eruption of EUV Hot-Channel near Solar Limb and Associated Moving Type-IV Radio Burst
利用太阳动力学观测站的观测资料,对2015年2月9日太阳临边附近的一次热流道磁绳(FR)爆发进行了研究。喷发前结构主要在EUV 131 $\mathring{\mathrm{A}}$图像中可见,具有两个高度剪切的环结构。它们经历缓慢的上升运动,然后重新连接,形成一个喷发的热通道,就像在系绳切割重连模型中一样。J形耀斑带跟踪FR的足点,这被确定为热通道。最初,观察到的热通道缓慢上升,在40公里秒$^{-1}$,随后从22:55 UT在87 $\pm$ 2 Mm的日冕高度的指数上升。在23:00 UT的爆发开始后,耀斑重连增加到3 R $_\odot$内的CME的加速过程。之后,日冕物质抛射在传播期间继续以8 m s的速度加速$^{-2}$.此外,喷发发射了II型,随后是III,IVm射电爆发。IVm型的开始和结束时间分别对应于1.5和6.1 R $_\odot$的CME核心高度。此外,光谱指数是负的,这表明非热电子被捕获在闭环结构中。该事件与IVm型事件同时发生,其独特之处在于耀斑带与喷发的热通道一起被非常清晰地观测到,这有力地支持了J形耀斑带的钩状部分勾勒出了爆发FR的边界。