arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1109.6469gr-qc
收藏

早期宇宙中粘性物质和辐射的热力学

Thermodynamics of viscous Matter and Radiation in the Early Universe

A. Tawfik, H. Magdy

摘要:

假设背景几何中充满了由物质和辐射组成的自由气体,并且在早期宇宙中没有相变发生,我们用经典方法讨论了这个{ \it封闭}系统的热力学.我们发现,哈勃参数$H$、标度因子$a$和曲率参数$k$等基本宇宙学量都可以从这个简单的模型中导出,它一方面满足并完全服从热力学定律。另一方面,所得结果与Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker模型和爱因斯坦场方程一致.有限体粘滞系数的引入导致了所有这些宇宙学量的重要变化。因此,我们关于宇宙演化及其天体物理学后果的图景似乎是一个彻底修正的主题。我们发现$k$强烈地依赖于背景物质的热力学。负曲率发生的时间尺度取决于物质含量与总能量的关系。使用量子和统计方法,我们假设宇宙的大小由一个粒子和一个光子所占据的体积给出。不同类型的相互作用被考虑在内。介绍了$H$和$a$的表达式。因此,宇宙的膨胀变得可以接近。

英文摘要:

Assuming that the background geometry is filled with free gas consisting of matter and radiation and no phase transitions being occurred in the early Universe, we discuss the thermodynamics of this {\it closed} system using classical approaches. We find that essential cosmological quantities, such as Hubble parameter $H$, scale factor $a$ and curvature parameter $k$, can be derived from this simple model, which on one hand fulfills and entirely obeys the laws of thermodynamics. On the other hand, the results are compatible with the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model and the Einstein field equations. The inclusion of finite bulk viscosity coefficient derives to important changes in all these cosmological quantities. Accordingly, our picture about the evolution of the Universe and its astrophysical consequences seems to be a subject of a radical revision. We find that $k$ strongly depends on the thermodynamics of background matter. The time scale, at which negative curvature might take place, depends on the relation between the matter content and the total energy. Using quantum and statistical approaches, we assume that the size of the Universe is given by the volume occupied one particle and one photon. Different types of their interactions are taken into account. Expressions for $H$ and $a$ are introduced. Therefore, the expansion of the Universe turns to be accessible.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑