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arXiv 1109.0987astro-ph.SRastro-ph.CO
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Ia型超新星2009ig的极早期紫外和光学观测

Very Early Ultraviolet and Optical Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2009ig

Ryan J. Foley, P. J. Challis, A. V. Filippenko, M. Ganeshalingam, W. Landsman, W. Li, G. H. Marion, J. M. Silverman, R. L. Beaton, V. N. Bennert, S. B. Cenko, M… 展开作者

Ryan J. Foley, P. J. Challis, A. V. Filippenko, M. Ganeshalingam, W. Landsman, W. Li, G. H. Marion, J. M. Silverman, R. L. Beaton, V. N. Bennert, S. B. Cenko, M. Childress, P. Guhathakurta, L. Jiang, J. S. Kalirai, R. P. Kirshner, A. Stockton, E. Tollerud, J. Vinko, J. C. Wheeler, J. -H. Woo

摘要:

超新星(SN)2009 ig在爆发17小时后被利克天文台超新星搜索发现,并被归类为正常的Ia型超新星(SN Ia),峰值为V = 13.5等,并且是赤道的,使其成为过去十年中最重要的超新星之一。在这里,我们介绍了SN 2009ig的紫外线(UV)和光学观测,从爆炸后大约1天开始,直到最大亮度。我们的数据包括优秀的紫外和光学光变曲线,25 premaximum光学光谱,和8紫外光谱,包括最早的紫外光谱获得的超新星Ia。SN 2009 ig是一个相对正常的Ia型超新星,但确实显示出高速喷出物-在我们最早的光谱中测量到的喷出物速度(Si II 6355的v~-23,000 km/s)是在Ia型超新星中测量到的最高速度。在最大亮度之前的12天内,光谱的演变是非常戏剧性的,但在那之后就会变慢。早期数据提供了SN上升时间的精确测量值,为17.13 +/-0.07天。光色曲线和早期光谱与用于光曲线拟合和K-校正的模板光曲线和光谱明显不同,表明模板光曲线和光谱并不能正确地代表所有早期的Ia型超新星。在广角天空观测时代,像SN 2009 ig这样靠近、明亮、位置良好且被及时发现的SNe仍然很少见。如SN 2009ig所示,对单个事件的详细研究可以提供更多的信息,用于测试与SN Ia距离估计相关的系统不确定性,并限制祖先和爆炸模型,而不是更遥远的SNe的大样本。

英文摘要:

Supernova (SN) 2009ig was discovered 17 hours after explosion by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search, promptly classified as a normal Type Ia SN (SN Ia), peaked at V = 13.5 mag, and was equatorial, making it one of the foremost supernovae for intensive study in the last decade. Here, we present ultraviolet (UV) and optical observations of SN 2009ig, starting about 1 day after explosion until around maximum brightness. Our data include excellent UV and optical light curves, 25 premaximum optical spectra, and 8 UV spectra, including the earliest UV spectrum ever obtained of a SN Ia. SN 2009ig is a relatively normal SN Ia, but does display high-velocity ejecta - the ejecta velocity measured in our earliest spectra (v ~ -23,000 km/s for Si II 6355) is the highest yet measured in a SN Ia. The spectral evolution is very dramatic at times earlier than 12 days before maximum brightness, but slows after that time. The early-time data provide a precise measurement of 17.13 +/- 0.07 days for the SN rise time. The optical color curves and early-time spectra are significantly different from template light curves and spectra used for light-curve fitting and K-corrections, indicating that the template light curves and spectra do not properly represent all Type Ia supernovae at very early times. In the age of wide-angle sky surveys, SNe like SN 2009ig that are nearby, bright, well positioned, and promptly discovered will still be rare. As shown with SN 2009ig, detailed studies of single events can provide significantly more information for testing systematic uncertainties related to SN Ia distance estimates and constraining progenitor and explosion models than large samples of more distant SNe.

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