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arXiv 1107.5573astro-ph.IM
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机载宽视场硬X射线望远镜- ProtoEXIST1中先进CZT成像探测器的飞行性能

Flight Performance of an advanced CZT Imaging Detector in a Balloon-borne Wide-Field Hard X-ray Telescope - ProtoEXIST1

J. Hong, B. Allen, J. Grindlay, S. Barthelemy, R. Baker, A. Garson, H. Krawczynski, J. Apple, W. H. Cleveland

摘要:

我们成功地进行了第一次高空气球飞行的宽视场硬X射线编码孔径望远镜ProtoEXIST 1,这是从哥伦比亚科学气球设施发射的。2009年10月9日,新墨西哥州萨姆纳。ProtoEXIST 1是我们正在进行的项目中第一次实现先进的CdZnTe(CZT)成像探测器,以建立下一代宽视场硬X射线望远镜所需的技术。ProtoEXIST 1中的CZT探测器平面由一个8 x 8阵列组成,该阵列由2 cm x 2 cm x 0.5 cm厚的像素化CZT晶体紧密平铺而成,每个晶体具有8 x 8像素,覆盖256 cm^2的有效面积,像素为2.5 mm。安装在探测器上方90 cm处的钨掩模提供30 - 600 keV波段的X射线源的阴影图用于成像,允许9度x 9度的完全编码视场,角分辨率为20 arcmin。为了减少背景辐射,探测器四周被半渐变(Pb/Sn/Cu)被动屏蔽层包围,一直到掩模。在背面,一个26 cm x 26 cm x 2 cm CsI(Na)有源屏蔽提供信号,以标记带电粒子感应事件以及来自下方的>~ 100 keV背景光子。由于在漂浮高度(38-39公里)的强风(60节),飞行持续时间仅约7.5小时。在整个飞行过程中,CZT探测器表现出色。望远镜在飞行结束时观察了Cyg X-1约1小时。尽管指向和方位系统存在一些问题,导致望远镜跟踪偏离目标约6.4度,但对天鹅座X-1数据的分析显示,在机载日间恒星相机拍摄的光学图像中,在预期位置处有一个位于30-100 keV能量带的7.2 sigma的X射线源。首次飞行的成功对于先进CZT成像探测器(ProtoEXIST 2,0.6 mm像素)的未来发展非常鼓舞人心。

英文摘要:

We successfully carried out the first high-altitude balloon flight of a wide-field hard X-ray coded-aperture telescope ProtoEXIST1, which was launched from the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility at Ft. Sumner, New Mexico on October 9, 2009. ProtoEXIST1 is the first implementation of an advanced CdZnTe (CZT) imaging detector in our ongoing program to establish the technology required for next generation wide-field hard X-ray telescopes. The CZT detector plane in ProtoEXIST1 consists of an 8 x 8 array of closely tiled 2 cm x 2 cm x 0.5 cm thick pixellated CZT crystals, each with 8 x 8 pixels, covering a 256 cm^2 active area with 2.5 mm pixels. A tungsten mask, mounted at 90 cm above the detector provides shadowgrams of X-ray sources in the 30 - 600 keV band for imaging, allowing a fully coded field of view of 9 Deg x 9 Deg with an angular resolution of 20 arcmin. To reduce the background radiation, the detector is surrounded by semi-graded (Pb/Sn/Cu) passive shields on the four sides all the way to the mask. On the back side, a 26 cm x 26 cm x 2 cm CsI(Na) active shield provides signals to tag charged particle induced events as well as >~ 100 keV background photons from below. The flight duration was only about 7.5 hours due to strong winds (60 knots) at float altitude (38-39 km). Throughout the flight, the CZT detector performed excellently. The telescope observed Cyg X-1 for ~ 1 hour at the end of the flight. Despite a few problems with the pointing and aspect systems that caused the telescope to track about 6.4 deg off the target, the analysis of the Cyg X-1 data revealed an X-ray source at 7.2 sigma in the 30-100 keV energy band at the expected location from the optical images taken by the onboard daytime star camera. The success of this first flight is very encouraging for the future development of the advanced CZT imaging detectors (ProtoEXIST2, with 0.6 mm pixels).

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