Arrival directions of ultrahigh energy extensive air showers (EAS) by world arrays data are analyzed. It is shown that arrival directions of ultrahigh energy EAS by Yakutsk and P. Auger data are some correlated with pulsars of Local Arm Orion of Galaxy. It is found large amplitude of first harmony of Fourier row by data Yakutsk array. The problem of cosmic rays origin is discussed.
Probing the energy spectrum of hadrons in proton air interactions at ultrahigh energies through the fluctuations of the muon content of extensive air showers
Studies of an air-shower imaging system for the detection of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos
我们讨论了小型空气簇射成像系统探测掠地超高能τ中微子的接受度和灵敏度。我们研究的仪器位于山顶上,具有$360^\circ$的方位视场。我们发现,这样一个系统的接受度和灵敏度接近最大,如果它位于地面以上约2公里,具有$5^\circ$的垂直视场,允许重建至少$0.3^\circ$长的空气簇射图像,并具有$10$ m $^2$在任何方向上的有效光收集区域。经过三年的运行,具有这些特征的成像系统实现了$5\times10^{-9}$ GeV cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$ sr $^{-1}$ at $2\times10^8$ GeV的全味中微子通量灵敏度。
Possibility of Using a Satellite-Based Detector for Recording Cherenkov Light from Ultrahigh-Energy Extensive Air Showers Penetrating into the Ocean Water
Zenith angle distribution of cosmic ray showers measured with the Yakutsk array and its application to analysis of arrival directions in equatorial coordinates
Investigation of the arrivals directions differences for consecutive Extensive Air Showers using the data taken by TEL goniometer under GELATICA network
Parameterisation of lateral density and arrival time distributions of Cherenkov photons in EASs as functions of independent shower parameters for different primaries
用CORSIKA程序模拟了100 GeV ~ 100 TeV能量范围内广泛空气簇射(EASs)中切伦科夫光子的横向密度和到达时间分布。在此基础上,得到了不同观测高度、天顶角从0 $^\circ$到40 $^\circ$入射的初级$γ$射线光子、质子和铁核的近似函数。这样的参数化是重要的初级粒子识别,重建的簇射观测值,从而更有效地解开的$γ$射线簇射的强子簇射。从我们的参数化分析中,我们发现,即使横向密度的几何形状($ρ_{ch}$)和到达时间($t_{ch}$)分布对于特定能量处的不同原色是不同的($E$),在特定的入射角($θ$)和在特定的观察高度在从显示核($H$)到给定距离的距离上,分布分别遵循相同的数学函数$ρ(E,R,θ,H) = a E^{b}\exp[-\{c R + (θ/d)^{2}-f H\}]$和$t(E,R,θ,H) = l E^{-m}\exp(n/R^{p})(θ^q+s)(u {H}^2+v)$,但是具有不同的函数参数值。
In extensive air shower experiments, the number of muons crossing a detector at a given position, as well as their arrival time, arrival direction, and energy, are determined by a more fundamental 3-dimensional distribution linked to the hadronic core of the shower. Muons are produced high up in the atmosphere after the decay of mesons in the hadronic cascade. The distributions of production depth, energy, and transverse momentum of muons are enough to fully predict the muon component of air showers in any particular observational condition. By using air-shower simulations with the state-of-th…
Understanding the origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) - which reach energies in excess of $10^{20}~{\rm eV}$ - stretches particle acceleration physics to its very limits. In this review, we discuss how such energies can be reached, using general arguments that can often be derived on the back of an envelope. We explore possible particle acceleration mechanisms, with special attention paid to shock acceleration. Informed by the arguments derived, we discuss where UHECRs might come from and which classes of powerful astrophysical objects could be UHECR sources; generally, we favour …
Recent data from the Pierre Auger Observatory has revealed the presence of a large-scale dipole in the arrival direction distribution of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). In this work, we build up an understanding of the diffusive origin of such a dipolar behavior as well as its dependency on energy and astrophysical source assumptions such as extragalactic magnetic field strength and cosmic ray composition. We present a novel analytical approach for calculating the angular distribution of CR coming from a single source and discuss the regimes in which the steady-state dipole result is ex…
Very inclined extensive air showers (EAS), with both down-going and up-going trajectories, are particularly targeted by the next generation of extended radio arrays, such as GRAND. Methods to reconstruct the incoming direction, core position, primary energy and composition of showers with these specific geometries, remain to be developed. Towards that goal, we present a new reconstruction procedure based on the arrival times and the amplitudes of the radio signal, measured at each antenna station. This hybrid reconstruction method, harnesses the fact that the emission is observed, at the anten…
Toward a robust inference method for the likelihood of low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts to be progenitors of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays correlating with starburst galaxies
Cosmic rays are messengers from highly energetic events in the Universe. These rare ultra-high-energy particles can be detected efficiently and in an affordable way using large arrays of radio antennas. Linearly polarized geomagnetic emission is the dominant emission mechanism produced when charged particles in air showers get deflected in the Earth's magnetic field. The sub-dominant Askaryan emission is radially polarized and produced due to the time-varying negative-charge excess in the shower front. The relative amplitude of these two emission components depends on various air shower parame…
Results obtained from an analysis of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays with energies in the region of $E_0 \ge 10^{17}$ eV over the period of continuous observations from 1974 to 2017 are presented. A refined expression for estimating the primary-particle energy is used for individual events. This expression is derived from calculations aimed at determining the responses of the ground-based and underground scintillation detectors of the Yakutsk array for studying extensive air showers (EAS) and performed within the QGSJET01, QGSJET-II-04, SIBYLL-2.1, and EPOS-LHC models by employing the CORSI…
Testing a reported correlation between arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and a flux pattern from nearby starburst galaxies using Telescope Array data
Pierre Auger合作组织(Auger)最近报道了能量超过39 EeV的宇宙射线的到达方向与23个邻近星暴星系(SBG)的通量模式之间的相关性。在这封信中,我们使用望远镜阵列实验(TA)在2008年5月至2017年5月的9年期间探测到的宇宙射线来测试相同的假设。与俄歇分析不同,我们没有优化参数值,而是将它们固定在俄歇发现的最佳拟合值上,即假设源自列表中SBG的宇宙射线的各向异性分数为9.7%,相关性的角度尺度为12.9°。考虑到两个实验的能量尺度差异,我们采用的能量阈值为43 EeV,对应于Auger中的39 EeV。我们发现TA数据与各向同性在1.1σ内相容,与俄歇结果在1.4σ内相容,这意味着它不能区分这两种假设。
Seasonal Variation of Polar Ice: Implications for Ultrahigh Energy Neutrino Detectors
Interuniversity Institute for High Energies, Université Libre de Bruxelles(高能大学间研究所,布鲁塞尔自由大学);Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas(堪萨斯大学物理与天文学系)
We explore inferences on ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) source environments -- constrained by the spectrum and composition of UHECRs and non-observation of extremely high energy neutrinos -- and their implications for the observed high energy astrophysical neutrino spectrum. We find acceleration mechanisms producing power-law CR spectra~$\propto E^{-2}$ are compatible with UHECR data, if CRs at high rigidities are in the quasi-ballistic diffusion regime as they escape their source environment. Both gas-dominated and photon-dominated source environments are able to account for UHECR observ…