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arXiv 1107.1946astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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大质量黑洞及其宿主的红移演化评估

Assessing the redshift evolution of massive black holes and their hosts

Marta Volonteri, Daniel P. Stark

摘要:

最近的观测结果集中在高红移黑洞的动机,我们探讨的散射和观测偏差的能力,恢复的内在属性的黑洞人口在高红移的效果。我们发现,分散和选择偏差可以隐藏黑洞和它们的主机之间的内在相关性,与“可观察”的整个人口的子样本表明,平均而言,积极的进化,即使底层人口的特点是没有或负进化。我们创建的理论质量函数的黑洞卷积的质量函数的暗物质晕与标准的关系连接黑洞与他们的主机。在这些假设下,我们发现局部MBH - sigma相关性无法拟合Willott等人(2010)提出的z = 6黑洞质量函数,高估了除了最大质量黑洞之外的所有黑洞的数密度。正演化或包括MBH -σ相关性中的散射使差异更糟,因为它进一步增加了可观测黑洞的数量密度。我们注意到,如果z = 6时的MBH - sigma相关性比现在更陡,那么质量函数就会变浅。这有助于重现Willott等人(2010)提出的z = 6黑洞的质量函数。另一种可能是,极少数的晕(数量级为1/1000)在z = 6处拥有一个活跃的大质量黑洞,或者大多数活动星系核被遮蔽,阻碍了它们在光学巡天中的探测。如果活动部分或光度是宿主或黑洞质量的函数,那么目前对高红移黑洞质量函数的测量可能低估了低质量黑洞的密度。最后,我们讨论的物理场景,可能会导致一个陡峭的MBH -西格玛关系在高红移。

英文摘要:

Motivated by recent observational results that focus on high redshift black holes, we explore the effect of scatter and observational biases on the ability to recover the intrinsic properties of the black hole population at high redshift. We find that scatter and selection biases can hide the intrinsic correlations between black holes and their hosts, with 'observable' subsamples of the whole population suggesting, on average, positive evolution even when the underlying population is characterized by no- or negative evolution. We create theoretical mass functions of black holes convolving the mass function of dark matter halos with standard relationships linking black holes with their hosts. Under these assumptions, we find that the local MBH - sigma correlation is unable to fit the z = 6 black hole mass function proposed by Willott et al. (2010), overestimating the number density of all but the most massive black holes. Positive evolution or including scatter in the MBH - sigma correlation makes the discrepancy worse, as it further increases the number density of observable black holes. We notice that if the MBH - sigma correlation at z = 6 is steeper than today, then the mass function becomes shallower. This helps reproducing the mass function of z = 6 black holes proposed by Willott et al. (2010). Alternatively, it is possible that very few halos (of order 1/1000) host an active massive black hole at z = 6, or that most AGN are obscured, hindering their detection in optical surveys. Current measurements of the high redshift black hole mass function might be underestimating the density of low mass black holes if the active fraction or luminosity are a function of host or black hole mass. Finally, we discuss physical scenarios that can possibly lead to a steeper MBH - sigma relation at high redshift.

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