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arXiv 1107.1483astro-ph.CO
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在由冷流供给的高红移盘星系中由不稳定性驱动的流入引起的黑洞增长和AGN遮蔽

Black Hole growth and AGN obscuration by instability-driven inflows in high-redshift disk galaxies fed by cold streams

Frederic Bournaud, Avishai Dekel, Romain Teyssier, Marcello Cacciato, Emanuele Daddi, Stephanie Juneau, Francesco Shankar

摘要:

在高红移的盘星系被预测保持高的气体表面密度,由于持续的喂养由强烈的冷流导致暴力的引力不稳定性,瞬态功能和巨大的团块。扰动之间的引力矩将角动量向外驱动,质量向内驱动,而流入提供了保持强湍流的能量。我们使用的分析估计的流入一个自我调节的不稳定盘在Toomre稳定性参数Q~1,和孤立的星系模拟能够解决的核流入到中央秒差距。我们预测,在z~2流馈盘的典型条件下,通过10^11 Msun星系盘的平均流入速率约为10 Msun/年。流入速率与盘质量和(1+z)^{3/2}成比例。它包括块迁移和平滑组件的流入,即使块中断也有效。这种流入会使黑洞的核团增大,而其中只有约10^-3的一小部分需要吸积到中心的黑洞(BH)上,才能遵守观测到的BH-核团关系。一个z~2为10^11兆太阳的星系,其BH值预计为10^8兆太阳,平均吸积时的亚爱丁顿光度L_X为10^42-43 erg/s,当致密的团块合并时,伴随着较亮的插曲。我们注意到,在z~6的罕见大质量星系中,同样的过程可能以爱丁顿速率馈送10^9兆太阳BH。高的中心气柱密度会严重遮蔽高红移盘中的活动星系核,可能会阻碍它们在深X射线巡天中的探测。

英文摘要:

Disk galaxies at high redshift have been predicted to maintain high gas surface densities due to continuous feeding by intense cold streams leading to violent gravitational instability, transient features and giant clumps. Gravitational torques between the perturbations drive angular momentum out and mass in, and the inflow provides the energy for keeping strong turbulence. We use analytic estimates of the inflow for a self-regulated unstable disk at a Toomre stability parameter Q~1, and isolated galaxy simulations capable of resolving the nuclear inflow down to the central parsec. We predict an average inflow rate ~10 Msun/yr through the disk of a 10^11 Msun galaxy, with conditions representative of z~2 stream-fed disks. The inflow rate scales with disk mass and (1+z)^{3/2}. It includes clump migration and inflow of the smoother component, valid even if clumps disrupt. This inflow grows the bulge, while only a fraction ~ 10^-3 of it needs to accrete onto a central black hole (BH), in order to obey the observed BH-bulge relation. A galaxy of 10^11 Msun at z~2 is expected to host a BH of ~10^8 Msun, accreting on average with moderate sub-Eddington luminosity L_X ~ 10^42-43 erg/s, accompanied by brighter episodes when dense clumps coalesce. We note that in rare massive galaxies at z~6, the same process may feed 10^9 Msun BH at the Eddington rate. High central gas column densities can severely obscure AGN in high-redshift disks, possibly hindering their detection in deep X-ray surveys.

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