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arXiv 1409.2622astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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通过剧烈的盘不稳定或合并早期形成具有经典轮廓的大质量致密球状星系

Early formation of massive, compact, spheroidal galaxies with classical profiles by violent disc instability or mergers

Daniel Ceverino, Avishai Dekel, Dylan Tweed, Joel Primack

摘要:

我们使用一套AMR流体宇宙学模拟解决了红移$z=4$和1之间的大质量恒星球状体的形成。球状体形成为凸起,球状体质量的增长部分是由剧烈的盘不稳定性(VIM)和部分合并驱动的。对圆盘和球体的运动学分解得出,球体中的质量分数在50%到90%之间,并且在时间上大致恒定,这与从宇宙网连续馈送的圆盘的宇宙学稳态一致。球状体的密度分布通常是“经典的”,具有Sersic指数$n = 4.5\pm 1$,与其是否通过合并或合并生长无关,也与反馈强度无关。圆盘的特征是$n=1.5\pm 0.5$,整个星系的特征是$n=3\pm 1$。由于气体的耗散流入和高的宇宙密度,高红移椭球体是紧凑的。在每个星系的有效半径内,恒星的表面密度在其演化过程中在第一次增长后大致保持不变。对于恒星质量固定的星系,表面密度在红移越高时越高。

英文摘要:

We address the formation of massive stellar spheroids between redshifts $z=4$ and 1 using a suite of AMR hydro-cosmological simulations. The spheroids form as bulges, and the spheroid mass growth is partly driven by violent disc instability (VDI) and partly by mergers. A kinematic decomposition to disc and spheroid yields that the mass fraction in the spheroid is between 50\% and 90\% and is roughly constant in time, consistent with a cosmological steady state of VDI discs that are continuously fed from the cosmic web. The density profile of the spheroid is typically "classical", with a Sersic index $n = 4.5\pm 1$, independent of whether it grew by mergers or VDI and independent of the feedback strength. The disc is characterized by $n=1.5\pm 0.5$, and the whole galaxy by $n=3\pm 1$. The high-redshift spheroids are compact due to the dissipative inflow of gas and the high universal density. The stellar surface density within the effective radius of each galaxy as it evolves remains roughly constant in time after its first growth. For galaxies of a fixed stellar mass, the surface density is higher at higher redshifts.

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