In this paper we introduce the nullity of signed graphs, and give some results on the nullity of signed graphs with pendant trees. We characterize the unicyclic signed graphs of order n with nullity n-2; n-3; n-4; n-5 respectively.
No signed graph with the nullity $η(G,σ)=|V(G)|-2m(G)+2c(G)-1$
设$G^σ=(G,σ)$是一个带符号图,$A(G,σ)$是它的邻接矩阵.用$m(G)$表示$G$的匹配数。令$η(G,σ)$为$(G,σ)$的零值。He et al. [Bounds for the matching number and cyclomatic number of a signed graph in terms of rank,Linear Algebra Appl. 572(2019),273- 291]证明了$$|V(G)|-2m(G)-c(G)\leqη(G,σ)\leq |V(G)|-2m(G)+2c(G),$$,其中$c(G)$是$G$的循环空间的维数。同一篇文章分别刻画了达到下界和上界的符号图。本文证明了不存在零值符号图$|V(G)|-2m(G)+2c(G)-1$。我们还证明了对于给定的$c(G)$,存在无穷多个零度为$|V(G)|-2m(G)+2c(G)-s,~(0\leq s\leq3c(G), s\neq1)$的带号图.
Signed graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues: The unicyclic case
Shanxi University(山西大学);Changan University(长安大学);Hubei Normal University(湖北师范大学);South China Normal University(华南师范大学);Shennong Technology Group Co., Ltd.(神农科技集团有限公司)
Spanning trees and even integer eigenvalues of graphs
对于图$G$,设$L(G)$和$Q(G)$分别是$G$的拉普拉斯矩阵和无符号拉普拉斯矩阵,$τ(G)$是$G$的生成树个数.我们证明了,如果$G$有一个奇数的顶点和$τ(G)$是不可分的$4$,那么(i)$L(G)$没有偶数本征值,(ii)$Q(G)$没有整数本征值$λ\equiv2\pmod4$,和(iii)$Q(G)$最多有一个本征值$λ\equiv0\pmod4$,这样的本征值是简单的。作为一个结果,我们扩展了以前的结果由古特曼和Sciriha和Bapat的线性图的邻接矩阵的零。我们还证明了如果$τ(G)=2^ts$的$s$是奇数,则$Q(G)$的任何偶数特征值的重数至多是$t+1$ .除其他事项外,我们证明,如果$L(G)$或$Q(G)$有一个偶数特征值的重至少$2$,那么$τ(G)$是可分的$4$。作为这一结果的一个非常特殊的情况,Zhou等[On the nullity of connected graphs with least energy at least $-2$,Appl. Anal. 7(2013),250- 261]关于单圈图的线图的邻接矩阵的零性的讨论如下。