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arXiv 1106.6326astro-ph.GA
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高速云的模拟。I.流体力学与高速高离子

Simulations of High-Velocity Clouds. I. Hydrodynamics and High-Velocity High Ions

Kyujin Kwak, David B. Henley, Robin L. Shelton

摘要:

我们提出了流体动力学模拟的高速云(HVC)通过热,稀薄的介质中的星系晕。使用FLASH流体动力学代码创建了一套模型,对各种云的大小、密度和速度进行了采样。在所有情况下,云-晕相互作用从云中烧蚀物质。烧蚀后的物质落在云层后面,在那里与周围介质混合产生中温气体,其中一些辐射冷却到低于10,000 K。使用非平衡电离(NEI)算法,我们跟踪整个模拟期间的气体中的碳,氮和氧的电离水平。我们提出了观测相关的预测,包括预期的H I和高离子(C IV,N V和O VI)柱密度的视线通过云的演化时间和偏离中心的距离的函数。预测的柱密度与对复合物C观察到的柱密度重叠。观测结果与银河系环境相互作用数十到数百万年的云最匹配。考虑到在这段时间内云会穿越很大的距离,我们的结果与复杂C具有河外起源是一致的。HVC的破坏也很有趣;最小的云(初始质量\approx 120 Msun)在模拟期间(6000万年)失去了大部分质量,而最大的云(初始质量\approx 4 e5 Msun)在模拟期间(24000万年)虽然变形,但基本上保持完整。

英文摘要:

We present hydrodynamic simulations of high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through the hot, tenuous medium in the Galactic halo. A suite of models was created using the FLASH hydrodynamics code, sampling various cloud sizes, densities, and velocities. In all cases, the cloud-halo interaction ablates material from the clouds. The ablated material falls behind the clouds, where it mixes with the ambient medium to produce intermediate-temperature gas, some of which radiatively cools to less than 10,000 K. Using a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) algorithm, we track the ionization levels of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the gas throughout the simulation period. We present observation-related predictions, including the expected H I and high ion (C IV, N V, and O VI) column densities on sight lines through the clouds as functions of evolutionary time and off-center distance. The predicted column densities overlap those observed for Complex C. The observations are best matched by clouds that have interacted with the Galactic environment for tens to hundreds of megayears. Given the large distances across which the clouds would travel during such time, our results are consistent with Complex C having an extragalactic origin. The destruction of HVCs is also of interest; the smallest cloud (initial mass \approx 120 Msun) lost most of its mass during the simulation period (60 Myr), while the largest cloud (initial mass \approx 4e5 Msun) remained largely intact, although deformed, during its simulation period (240 Myr).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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