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arXiv 1106.3908cond-mat.quant-gas
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调制超流体中拓扑缺陷的干涉检测方案

Proposal for interferometric detection of topological defects in modulated superfluids

Mason Swanson, Yen Lee Loh, Nandini Trivedi

摘要:

费米子之间的吸引力相互作用可以产生超流体基态,其中成对的上下自旋以协调一致的舞蹈旋转在一起。上下费米子数量的不平衡是如何影响这种舞蹈的呢?额外的费米子是站在一边,还是扰乱了舞蹈?最有趣的可能性是调制超流态的形成,称为LO相,其中多余的费米子自组织成域壁,其中配对幅度改变符号。尽管有50年的理论和实验工作,迄今为止还没有直接观察到LO相位。在这里,我们提出了一个实验,其中两个费米子云,准备与不平等的人口不平衡,被允许扩大和干扰。干涉条纹中的拉链图案是LO物理的明确证据。此外,由于实验是在时间和两个空间方向上解决的,我们预计即使在有限的温度下(当热波动破坏随时间平均的长程LO阶时)也会有可观察到的签名。

英文摘要:

Attractive interactions between fermions can produce a superfluid ground state, in which pairs of up and down spins swirl together in a coordinated, coherent dance. How is this dance affected by an imbalance in the population of up and down fermions? Do the extra fermions stand on the sides, or do they disrupt the dance? The most intriguing possibility is the formation of a modulated superfluid state, known as an LO phase, in which the excess fermions self-organize into domain walls where the pairing amplitude changes sign. Despite fifty years of theoretical and experimental work, there has so far been no direct observation of an LO phase. Here we propose an experiment in which two fermion clouds, prepared with unequal population imbalances, are allowed to expand and interfere. A zipper pattern in the interference fringes is unequivocal evidence of LO physics. Furthermore, because the experiment is resolved in time and in two spatial directions, we expect an observable signature even at finite temperatures (when thermal fluctuations destroy long-range LO order averaged over time).

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