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arXiv 1106.1297astro-ph.IM
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再电离时代的成像:前景混淆和成像算法的限制

Imaging the Epoch of Reionization: limitations from foreground confusion and imaging algorithms

Harish Vedantham, N. Udaya Shankar, Ravi Subrahmanyan

摘要:

利用傅里叶综合望远镜对中性氢原子21 cm跃迁进行层析成像是研究再电离期的一种很有前途的手段。限制来自银河系和河外前景的混乱是这些望远镜成功的关键。这种望远镜的仪器响应或点扩散函数(PSF)固有地是三维的,频率映射到视线(LOS)距离。EoR信号必须在连续谱混淆持续存在的数据中检测到;因此,PSF具有可接受的频率结构非常重要,以便残留前景不会混淆EoR特征。本文旨在了解三维PSF和前景污染在同一框架。我们开发了一种形式主义来估计前景污染沿频率,或等效LOS维,并建立在图像平面的前景污染和傅立叶平面上的可见性权重之间的关系。我们确定了两个主要来源的LOS前景污染“PSF污染”和“网格污染”。我们表明,“PSF污染”是本地化的LOS波数空间,超出此范围可能存在一个“EoR窗口”,可以忽略不计的前景污染,我们可以集中精力来检测EoR。该窗口中的“PSF污染”可以通过明智地选择频率窗口函数来显著减少。网格和成像算法创建额外的“网格污染”,我们提出了一种新的成像算法,使用线性调频Z变换(CZT),显着减少这种污染。最后,我们证明了分析关系和新的成像算法的优点的情况下,成像与默奇森宽场阵列(MWA)。

英文摘要:

Tomography of redshifted 21 cm transition from neutral Hydrogen using Fourier synthesis telescopes is a promising tool to study the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Limiting the confusion from Galactic and Extragalactic foregrounds is critical to the success of these telescopes. Instrumental response or the Point Spread Function (PSF) of such telescopes is inherently 3 dimensional with frequency mapping to the Line of Sight (LOS) distance. EoR signals will necessarily have to be detected in data where continuum confusion persists; therefore, it is important that the PSF has acceptable frequency structure so that the residual foreground does not confuse the EoR signature. This paper aims to understand the 3 dimensional PSF and foreground contamination in the same framework. We develop a formalism to estimate the foreground contamination along frequency, or equivalently LOS dimension, and establish a relationship between foreground contamination in the image plane and visibility weights on the Fourier plane. We identify two dominant sources of LOS foreground contamination-'PSF contamination' and 'gridding contamination'. We show that 'PSF contamination' is localized in LOS wavenumber space, beyond which there potentially exists an 'EoR window' with negligible foreground contamination where we may focus our efforts to detect EoR. 'PSF contamination' in this window may be substantially reduced by judicious choice of a frequency window function. Gridding and imaging algorithms create additional 'gridding contamination' and we propose a new imaging algorithm using the Chirp Z Transform (CZT) that significantly reduces this contamination. Finally, we demonstrate the analytical relationships and the merit of the new imaging algorithm for the case of imaging with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA).

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