射频电场和磁场在加速结构中微突起加热中的作用
Role of rf electric and magnetic fields in heating of micro-protrusions in accelerating structures
摘要：
众所周知，在金属加速结构中的高梯度操作导致结构表面的显著劣化，这反过来大大增加了微波击穿的概率。与此同时，这种恶化的物理原因迄今还不太清楚。本文分析了两种效应的作用，即射频磁场穿透半径为趋肤深度量级的微凸起引起的微波加热和场发射电流引起的焦耳加热，即射频电场被尖锐凸起放大的效应。导出了这两种效应的功率密度的相应表达式，并给出了评价这两种效应之一的优势的准则。这一标准进行了分析和说明的一个例子，典型的参数最近在斯坦福直线加速器中心（SLAC）国家加速器实验室的实验讨论。
英文摘要：
It is known that high-gradient operation in metallic accelerating structures causes significant deterioration of structure surfaces that, in turn, greatly increases the probability of microwave breakdown. At the same time, the physical reason for this deterioration so far is not well understood. In the present paper, the role of two effects is analyzed, viz. (a) the microwave heating caused by penetration of the rf magnetic field into microprotrusion of a radius on the order of the skin depth and (b) the Joule heating caused by the field emitted current, i.e. the effect of the rf electric field magnified by a sharp protrusion. Corresponding expressions for the power densities of both effects are derived and the criterion for evaluating the dominance of one of these two is formulated. This criterion is analyzed and illustrated by the discussion of an example with parameters typical for recent experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory.
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