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arXiv 1105.4885physics.bio-phphysics.chem-ph
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离子-水团簇、体相介质效应和离子水合作用

Ion-water clusters, bulk medium effects, and ion hydration

Safir Merchant, Purushottam D. Dixit, Kelsey R. Dean, D. Asthagiri

摘要:

气相离子-水团簇的热化学连同团簇和水配体的水合自由能的估计被用来计算离子的水合自由能。水合计算通常使用溶剂的连续模型。准化学理论的原始准化学近似提供了一个透明的框架来锚定这样的努力。在这里,我们评估的原始拟化学方法中固有的近似,并阐明了不同的角色的散装介质。我们发现,散装介质可以稳定的集群,通常不会在气相中观察到的配置,同时也降低了过剩的化学势的离子。这种效应对于软离子更为明显。由于使离子的过量化学势最小化的配位数被确定为最佳或最可能的配位数,因此对于这样的软离子,在不考虑离子-水簇合反应的体相介质的情况下获得的最佳簇合物尺寸和水合热力学可以不同于在水离子的模拟中观察到的那些。在这项工作中提出的想法,预计将是相关的实验研究,翻译热化学的离子-水集群的水合离子的热力学和不断发展的理论方法,结合高层次的计算与粗粒度模型的集群的介质。

英文摘要:

Thermochemistry of gas-phase ion-water clusters together with estimates of the hydration free energy of the clusters and the water ligands are used to calculate the hydration free energy of the ion. Often the hydration calculations use a continuum model of the solvent. The primitive quasichemical approximation to the quasichemical theory provides a transparent framework to anchor such efforts. Here we evaluate the approximations inherent in the primitive quasichemical approach and elucidate the different roles of the bulk medium. We find that the bulk medium can stabilize configurations of the cluster that are usually not observed in the gas phase, while also simultaneously lowering the excess chemical potential of the ion. This effect is more pronounced for soft ions. Since the coordination number that minimizes the excess chemical potential of the ion is identified as the optimal or most probable coordination number, for such soft ions, the optimum cluster size and the hydration thermodynamics obtained without account of the bulk medium on the ion-water clustering reaction can be different from those observed in simulations of the aqueous ion. The ideas presented in this work are expected to be relevant to experimental studies that translate thermochemistry of ion-water clusters to the thermodynamics of the hydrated ion and to evolving theoretical approaches that combine high-level calculations on clusters with coarse-grained models of the medium.

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