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arXiv 1105.3984astro-ph.GA
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RMS巡天:大质量恒星形成的吸积模型的临界检验

The RMS Survey: Critical Tests of Accretion Models for the Formation of Massive Stars

Ben Davies, Melvin G. Hoare, Stuart L. Lumsden, Takashi Hosokawa, Rene D. Oudmaijer, James S. Urquhart, Joseph C. Mottram, Joseph Stead

摘要:

目前还没有公认的理论框架来解释大质量恒星的形成,而原恒星在\sim 10 Msun之后继续吸积和质量增长的方式仍然是一个有争议的话题。在这项研究中,我们使用几个恒星吸积的处方和银河系气体分布的描述来模拟银河系的大质量原恒星人口的光度和空间分布。然后,我们将每个模拟的观测值与最近编译的大规模年轻恒星天体数据库Red MSX Source(RMS)调查的结果进行比较。我们发现,观测结果是最好的匹配的吸积率增加的原恒星的质量增长,如预测的湍流核心和竞争性吸积(即邦迪-霍伊尔)模型。这些“加速吸积”模型提供了非常好的定性和定量拟合的数据,虽然我们无法区分这两个模型在我们的模拟单独。我们排除了模型的吸积率随时间是恒定的,那些最初是非常高的,并随着时间的推移,因为这些产生的结果是定量和/或定性不兼容的观察。为了同时匹配低光度和高光度的YSO分布,我们需要包含一个“膨胀星”的主序前阶段,其长度由开尔文-亥姆霍兹时间尺度很好地描述。我们的结果表明,YSO相的寿命为\sim 10^5年,而致密的Hii区相的寿命在\sim 2 - 4 \times 10^5年之间,这取决于恒星的最终质量。最后,YSO的绝对数量与银河系1.5- 2 Msun/yr的全球平均恒星形成率最匹配。

英文摘要:

There is currently no accepted theoretical framework for the formation of the most massive stars, and the manner in which protostars continue to accrete and grow in mass beyond \sim10Msun is still a controversial topic. In this study we use several prescriptions of stellar accretion and a description of the Galactic gas distribution to simulate the luminosities and spatial distribution of massive protostellar population of the Galaxy. We then compare the observables of each simulation to the results of the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey, a recently compiled database of massive young stellar objects. We find that the observations are best matched by accretion rates which increase as the protostar grows in mass, such as those predicted by the turbulent core and competitive accretion (i.e. Bondi-Hoyle) models. These 'accelerating accretion' models provide very good qualitative and quantitative fits to the data, though we are unable to distinguish between these two models on our simulations alone. We rule out models with accretion rates which are constant with time, and those which are initially very high and which fall away with time, as these produce results which are quantitatively and/or qualitatively incompatible with the observations. To simultaneously match the low- and high-luminosity YSO distribution we require the inclusion of a 'swollen-star' pre-main-sequence phase, the length of which is well-described by the Kelvin-Helmholz timescale. Our results suggest that the lifetime of the YSO phase is \sim 10^5yrs, whereas the compact Hii-region phase lasts between \sim 2 - 4 \times 10^5yrs depending on the final mass of the star. Finally, the absolute numbers of YSOs are best matched by a globally averaged star-formation rate for the Galaxy of 1.5-2Msun/yr.

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