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arXiv 1105.0776astro-ph.SR
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韦斯特伦德1号中大质量双星的VLT/FLAMES巡天。III。WC9d双星W239及其对大质量恒星演化的意义

A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1. III. The WC9d binary W239 and implications for massive stellar evolution

J. S. Clark, B. W. Ritchie, I. Negueruela, P. A. Crowther, A. Damineli, F. J. Jablonski, N. Langer

摘要:

越来越多的证据表明,处理OB星之间的双星是必不可少的恒星演化的完整理论。然而,大质量恒星的双星性质-频率,质量比和轨道分离-仍然受到很大的限制。为了解决这一缺点,我们进行了多历元光谱研究的恒星星族的年轻大质量集群韦斯特隆德1。在本文中,我们提出了一个调查的性质的尘埃沃尔夫-拉叶星和候选的二进制W239。我们确定的轨道周期只有5.05天-使其成为迄今为止最紧凑的WC双星之一-而我们解释了2004年至2006年之间的一个显着的近红外耀斑作为系统中第三个大质量恒星组成部分在一个广泛的偏心轨道的证据。在每一个时代的热尘埃的近红外过剩特性的存在是一致的期望,持久的尘埃形成WC星的子集是短周期的双星。与以前的结果相结合,同时存在的短周期沃尔夫-拉叶双星和冷超巨星内Wd 1提供了令人信服的证据,分叉后主序星演化的大质量恒星由于双星。短周期O+OB双星将直接演化到沃尔夫-拉叶相,这可能是由于双星介导的质量损失事件,也可能是通过化学均匀演化。相反地,长周期双星和单星则会在HR图上通过冷超巨星相形成一个红色环。未来对Wd 1的完整光谱数据集的分析将限制经历每种路径的大质量恒星的比例,从而量化双星在大质量恒星演化中的重要性,直到超新星和由此产生的相对论遗迹和X射线双星。[删节]

英文摘要:

There is growing evidence that a treatment of binarity amongst OB stars is essential for a full theory of stellar evolution. However the binary properties of massive stars - frequency, mass ratio and orbital separation - are still poorly constrained. In order to address this shortcoming we have undertaken a multiepoch spectroscopic study of the stellar population of the young massive cluster Westerlund 1. In this paper we present an investigation into the nature of the dusty Wolf-Rayet star and candidate binary W239. We determined an orbital period of only 5.05 days - making it one of the most compact WC binaries yet identified - while we interpret a significant near-IR flare between 2004-6 as evidence for a third massive stellar component in the system in a wide eccentric orbit. The presence of a near-IR excess characteristic of hot dust at every epoch is consistent with the expectation that the subset of persistent dust forming WC stars are short period binaries. In conjunction with previous results, the simultaneous presence of both short period Wolf-Rayet binaries and cool hypergiants within Wd 1 provides compelling evidence for a bifurcation in the post-Main Sequence evolution of massive stars due to binarity. Short period O+OB binaries will evolve directly to the Wolf-Rayet phase, either due to an episode of binary mediated mass loss or via chemically homogenous evolution. Conversely, long period binaries and single stars will instead undergo a red loop across the HR diagram via a cool hypergiant phase. Future analysis of the full spectroscopic dataset for Wd 1 will constrain the proportion of massive stars experiencing each pathway; hence quantifying the importance of binarity in massive stellar evolution up to and beyond supernova and the resultant production of relativistic remnants and X-ray binaries. [ABRIDGED]

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