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arXiv 0901.3853astro-ph.SR
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大质量恒星的VLT-FLAMES巡天:从快速旋转的银河系和麦哲伦云B型恒星的化学成分对恒星演化的限制

The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: constraints on stellar evolution from the chemical compositions of rapidly rotating Galactic and Magellanic Cloud B-type stars

I. Hunter, I. Brott, N. Langer, D. J. Lennon, P. L. Dufton, I. D. Howarth, R. S. I. Ryans, C. Trundle, C. J. Evans, A. de Koter, S. J. Smartt

摘要:

我们之前分析了大麦哲伦星云中135颗早期B型恒星的光谱,发现了几组化学成分与旋转混合理论相冲突的恒星。在这里,我们将这项研究扩展到银河系和SMC金属丰度的分析~50银河系和~100 SMC早期B型星的旋转速度高达~ 300公里/秒。表面氮丰度被用作混合过程的探针。在SMC中,我们发现了一个缓慢旋转的富氮星的人口之间的早期B型核心氢燃烧的恒星,类似于LMC。在银河系的样本中,我们没有发现显着的浓缩核心氢燃烧的恒星,这似乎是在旋转的单星和近距离双星演化模型的预期相反。然而,只有少数快速旋转的恒星演化到足以产生显着的氮富集,这些可能类似于以前在LMC样本中发现的非富集快速旋转体。最后,在每一个金属丰度区,都观察到一群高度富集的超巨星,它们不可能是核心氢燃烧恒星的直接后代。然而,它们的丰度与它们经历过先前的红超巨星阶段是相容的。总之,这些观测描绘了大质量主序星和超巨星大气中氮富集的复杂画面,其中年龄和双星性造成了至关重要的影响。旋转混合是否需要理解我们的结果仍然是一个悬而未决的问题,在这个时候,但可以通过确定那些不同意单星演化模型的恒星群中真正的双星分数来回答。

英文摘要:

We have previously analysed the spectra of 135 early B-type stars in the LMC and found several groups of stars that have chemical compositions that conflict with the theory of rotational mixing. Here we extend this study to Galactic and SMC metallicities with the analysis of ~50 Galactic and ~100 SMC early B-type stars with rotational velocities up to ~300km/s. The surface nitrogen abundances are utilised as a probe of the mixing process. In the SMC, we find a population of slowly rotating nitrogen-rich stars amongst the early B type core-hydrogen burning stars, similar to the LMC. In the Galactic sample we find no significant enrichment amongst the core hydrogen-burning stars, which appears to be in contrast with the expectation from both rotating single-star and close binary evolution models. However, only a small number of the rapidly rotating stars have evolved enough to produce a significant nitrogen enrichment, and these may be analogous to the non-enriched rapid rotators previously found in the LMC sample. Finally, in each metallicity regime, a population of highly enriched supergiants is observed, which cannot be the immediate descendants of core-hydrogen burning stars. Their abundances are, however, compatible with them having gone through a previous red supergiant phase. Together, these observations paint a complex picture of the nitrogen enrichment in massive main sequence and supergiant stellar atmospheres, where age and binarity cause crucial effects. Whether rotational mixing is required to understand our results remains an open question at this time, but could be answered by identifying the true binary fraction in those groups of stars that do not agree with single-star evolutionary models (abridged).

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