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arXiv 1104.4665astro-ph.EPphysics.chem-ph
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2010年103 P/Hartley-2彗星显形期间气体释放的时空特征

Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Gas Release During the 2010 Apparition of Comet 103P/Hartley-2

M. J. Mumma, B. P. Bonev, G. L. Villanueva, L. Paganini, M. A. DiSanti, E. L. Gibb, J. V. Keane, K. J. Meech, G. A. Blake, R. S. Ellis, M. Lippi, H. Bõhnhardt, K. Magee-Sauer

摘要:

我们报告测量八个主要挥发物(H2O,HCN,CH 4,C2 H6,CH 3OH,C2 H2,H2 CO,和NH 3)和两个产品物种(OH和NH 2)在彗星103 P/哈特利-2使用高色散红外光谱。我们量化了在三个月的时间间隔内挥发性释放的长期和短期行为,包括彗星接近地球,其近日点通过,以及在EPOXI任务期间由深度撞击航天器飞越彗星。我们目前的生产率个别物种,它们的混合比相对于水,和它们的空间分布在昏迷多个日期。水,乙烷,HCN和甲醇的生产率变化的方式与核旋转的独立措施一致,但HCN,C2 H6,和CH 3OH的混合比是独立的旋转相。我们的研究结果表明,从核释放的气体的总体平均组成是明确的,并在三个月的时间间隔(9月18日至12月17日)相对恒定。如果个别喷口的组成各不相同,那么必须有足够多的不同喷口同时活动,以接近(总的来说)核的整体组成。释放的主要挥发物表现出不同的空间特性,有利于独立的极性和非极性冰相的存在下,在核中,建立灰尘和气体从冰团(也直接从核)释放,并提供深入了解的驱动程序的氰(CN)极性射流。讨论了C_2H_6和HCN沿近极急流(UT 19.5 October)和与之正交的近极急流(UT 22.5 October)的空间分布与CN起源的关系。水的邻-对位比(OPR)为2.85 \pm 0.20;下限(2.65)定义Tspin > 32 K。这些值与1997年从ISO返回的结果一致。

英文摘要:

We report measurements of eight primary volatiles (H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, C2H2, H2CO, and NH3) and two product species (OH and NH2) in comet 103P/Hartley-2 using high dispersion infrared spectroscopy. We quantified the long- and short-term behavior of volatile release over a three-month interval that encompassed the comet's close approach to Earth, its perihelion passage, and flyby of the comet by the Deep Impact spacecraft during the EPOXI mission. We present production rates for individual species, their mixing ratios relative to water, and their spatial distributions in the coma on multiple dates. The production rates for water, ethane, HCN, and methanol vary in a manner consistent with independent measures of nucleus rotation, but mixing ratios for HCN, C2H6, & CH3OH are independent of rotational phase. Our results demonstrate that the ensemble average composition of gas released from the nucleus is well defined, and relatively constant over the three-month interval (September 18 through December 17). If individual vents vary in composition, enough diverse vents must be active simultaneously to approximate (in sum) the bulk composition of the nucleus. The released primary volatiles exhibit diverse spatial properties which favor the presence of separate polar and apolar ice phases in the nucleus, establish dust and gas release from icy clumps (and also, directly from the nucleus), and provide insights into the driver for the cyanogen (CN) polar jet. The spatial distributions of C2H6 & HCN along the near-polar jet (UT 19.5 October) and nearly orthogonal to it (UT 22.5 October) are discussed relative to the origin of CN. The ortho-para ratio (OPR) of water was 2.85 \pm 0.20; the lower bound (2.65) defines Tspin > 32 K. These values are consistent with results returned from ISO in 1997.

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