The recent financial crisis of 2008 and the 2011 indebtedness of Greece highlight the importance of understanding the structure of the global financial network. In this paper we set out to analyze and characterize this network, as captured by the IMF Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS), in two ways. First, through an adaptation of the "error and attack" methodology [1], we show that the network is of the "robust-yet-fragile" type, a topology found in a wide variety of evolved networks. We compare these results against four common null-models, generated only from first-order statistics of the empirical data. In addition, we suggest a fifth, log-normal model, which generates networks that seem to match the empirical one more closely. Still, this model does not account for several higher order network statistics, which reenforces the added value of the higher-order analysis. Second, using loss-given-default dynamics [2], we model financial interdependence and potential cascading of financial distress through the network. Preliminary simulations indicate that default by a single relatively small country like Greece can be absorbed by the network, but that default in combination with defaults of other PIGS countries (Portugal, Ireland, and Spain) could lead to a massive extinction cascade in the global economy.
Shaping the international financial system in century of globalization
我们在国际金融监管中心(International Centre for Financial Regulation)和英国《金融时报》(Financial Times)发起的辩论框架中,就如何最好地监管未来的银行得出了一个观点。我们的目标是为政策制定者和监管者创建一个概念框架,以塑造全球化世纪的国际金融体系,使用1888年英国《金融时报》的座右铭:“没有恐惧,没有偏袒。“我们的前景采用了分析方法,重点关注银行体系的起源和演变,近几十年来的转型,随后遇到的增长限制和新兴金融业新战略边界的重新定义。我们确定了导致全球金融危机的主要原因和局限性。我们提出了新的研究议程,旨在了解金融状况,评估所造成的系统性损害,并找到可能的方法来解决现有的问题,通过引入新的银行监管。我们认为,全球经济和金融系统是高度非线性系统。我们认为,Kitchin、Juglar、Kuznets、Kondratiev等经济周期波动混合过程中的频率、相位和振幅调制,可能导致金融系统产生强非线性动力学,并伴随混沌现象。在中央银行执行量化宽松政策期间,在一段时间内连续向小量子金融体系注入流动性时,必须考虑这些非线性效应。我们建议对市场主体在高风险高利润的投机交易中获得的利润有选择地征收随机税。我们预计随机税将在自由市场资本主义条件下稳定金融体系。
A Multimodal Approach to SME Credit Scoring Integrating Transaction and Ownership Networks
Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University(西敏大学统计与精算科学系);University of Southampton Business School(南安普顿大学商学院);Centre for Operational Research, Management Sciences and Information Systems(运营研究、管理科学与信息系统中心);School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学数学科学学院);Department of Computer Science, Reykjavík University(雷克雅未克大学计算机科学系)
Interactions between financial and environmental networks in OECD countries
我们分析了2002-2010年十年期间经合组织国家之间的多重网络,其中包括五个金融层,由外国直接投资,股票证券,短期,长期和总债务证券,和五个环境层,由N O x,PM 10 SO 2,CO 2当量和与国际贸易相关的水足迹的排放量。我们提出了一种新的措施,跨层之间的相关性流在不同的层的基础上的互易性。对于结果的评估,我们实现了一个空模型的指数随机图论的基础上,这一措施。我们发现,短期的资金流更相关的环境流量比长期投资。此外,反向资金流动和环境流动(即不同层次的资金流向相反方向)之间的相关性通常强于协同流动(流向相同方向)之间的相关性。这表明金融和环境层之间存在权衡,金融化程度较高的国家在流出的资金流和来自金融化程度较低的国家的流入的环境流之间显示出更高的相关性,这可能具有重要的政策影响。五个国家被确定为这一金融环境多元化的中心:美国、法国、德国、卢森堡和联合王国。