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arXiv 1104.1402cond-mat.quant-gas
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超冷原子超流体在光晶格中的坍缩与回复动力学

Collapse and revival dynamics of superfluids of ultracold atoms in optical lattices

E. Tiesinga, P. R. Johnson

摘要:

最近的实验已经显示出光晶格中超冷原子的物质波相干性的显著数量的振荡和恢复振荡[Will等人,Nature 465,197(2010)]。利用玻色-哈伯德模型的平均场近似,我们证明了超流初始态的数压缩现象。为了描述的动力学,我们使用一个有效的哈密顿量,它结合了固有的两体和诱导的三体相互作用,我们详细分析了由此产生的复杂模式的虚跃迁到更高的频段产生的振荡和复兴频率,作为晶格参数和平均原子数的函数。我们的工作表明,结合分析最终深晶格中的多带非定常动力学和初始超流态的数压缩,可以解释光晶格的振荡和复苏物理的重要特征。最后,通过将两体和三体相互作用强度以及描述数态初始叠加的系数作为与实验数据拟合的自由参数,应该可以超越我们模型的某些局限性,并深入了解初始态的平均场论的崩溃或非微扰效应在末态动力学中的作用。

英文摘要:

Recent experiments have shown a remarkable number of collapse-and-revival oscillations of the matter-wave coherence of ultracold atoms in optical lattices [Will et al., Nature 465, 197 (2010)]. Using a mean-field approximation to the Bose-Hubbard model, we show that the visibility of collapse-and-revival interference patterns reveal number squeezing of the initial superfluid state. To describe the dynamics, we use an effective Hamiltonian that incorporates the intrinsic two-body and induced three-body interactions, and we analyze in detail the resulting complex pattern of collapse-and-revival frequencies generated by virtual transitions to higher bands, as a function of lattice parameters and mean-atom number. Our work shows that a combined analysis of both the multiband, non-stationary dynamics in the final deep lattice, and the number-squeezing of the initial superfluid state, explains important characteristics of optical lattice collapse-and-revival physics. Finally, by treating the two- and three-body interaction strengths, and the coefficients describing the initial superposition of number states, as free parameters in a fit to the experimental data it should be possible to go beyond some of the limitations of our model and obtain insight into the breakdown of the mean-field theory for the initial state or the role of nonperturbative effects in the final state dynamics.

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