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arXiv 1104.0665astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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星系团冷核的恒星形成效率

Star Formation Efficiency in the Cool Cores of Galaxy Clusters

Michael McDonald, Sylvain Veilleux, David S. N. Rupke, Richard Mushotzky, Christopher Reynolds

摘要:

我们已经组装了一个高空间分辨率的远紫外(哈勃空间望远镜先进相机的调查太阳盲通道)和Halalpha(马里兰麦哲伦可调滤波器)成像的15个冷核心星系团的样本。这些数据提供了一个详细的视图薄,延长丝在这些集群的核心。基于远紫外光与Halpha光的比值、紫外光谱能量分布以及远紫外光和Halpha光的形态,我们得出结论:除了少数几个系统(Abell 1991,Abell 2052,Abell 2580)外,星团核心中温暖的电离气体被大质量的年轻恒星光电离。我们表明,扩展的灯丝,单独考虑时,似乎是恒星形成在大多数情况下,而核往往有略低的远紫外光度为一个给定的Halpha光度,这表明一个更硬的电离源或更高的消光。我们观察到的UV/H α比从连续恒星形成的预期值略有偏移,这可以通过假设适量的尘埃(E(B-V)~ 0.2)的内在消光,或在延伸的细丝头重脚轻的IMF来模拟。测量到的恒星形成速率从非冷却系统的核中的~ 0.05 Msun/yr(与被动的红色椭圆星系一致)到复杂的扩展光学细丝系统中的~ 5 Msun/yr不等。将基于紫外线、H α和红外线光度的恒星形成率估计值与光谱测定的X射线冷却率进行比较,表明恒星形成率为14(+18)(-8)%。这个值代表了从团内介质中冷却出来的气体质量的时间平均分数,它与模拟所需的恒星中重子的整体分数吻合得很好,以再现星系的恒星质量函数。这一结果为吸积系统中恒星形成的效率提供了新的限制。

英文摘要:

We have assembled a sample of high spatial resolution far-UV (Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Solar Blind Channel) and Halpha (Maryland-Magellan Tunable Filter) imaging for 15 cool core galaxy clusters. These data provide a detailed view of the thin, extended filaments in the cores of these clusters. Based on the ratio of the far-UV to Halpha luminosity, the UV spectral energy distribution, and the far-UV and Halpha morphology, we conclude that the warm, ionized gas in the cluster cores is photoionized by massive, young stars in all but a few (Abell 1991, Abell 2052, Abell 2580) systems. We show that the extended filaments, when considered separately, appear to be star-forming in the majority of cases, while the nuclei tend to have slightly lower far-UV luminosity for a given Halpha luminosity, suggesting a harder ionization source or higher extinction. We observe a slight offset in the UV/Halpha ratio from the expected value for continuous star formation which can be modeled by assuming intrinsic extinction by modest amounts of dust (E(B-V) ~ 0.2), or a top-heavy IMF in the extended filaments. The measured star formation rates vary from ~ 0.05 Msun/yr in the nuclei of non-cooling systems, consistent with passive, red ellipticals, to ~ 5 Msun/yr in systems with complex, extended, optical filaments. Comparing the estimates of the star formation rate based on UV, Halpha and infrared luminosities to the spectroscopically-determined X-ray cooling rate suggests a star formation efficiency of 14(+18)(-8)%. This value represents the time-averaged fraction, by mass, of gas cooling out of the intracluster medium which turns into stars, and agrees well with the global fraction of baryons in stars required by simulations to reproduce the stellar mass function for galaxies. This result provides a new constraint on the efficiency of star formation in accreting systems.

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