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arXiv 1008.0754astro-ph.CO
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冷核星系团的演化

The evolution of cool-core clusters

Joana S. Santos, Paolo Tozzi, Piero Rosati, Hans Boehringer

摘要:

冷核星系团的特征是在来自星系团内部介质(ICM)的X射线发射中具有强的表面亮度峰值。这种现象与ICM中的复杂物理学有关,近年来一直是激烈辩论和研究的主题。为了量化的冷核心集群人口的演变,我们鲁棒性地测量冷核心的强度在本地,代表性的集群样本,并在最大的样本高红移集群迄今为止。我们使用高分辨率钱德拉数据的三个代表性的集群样本跨越不同的红移范围:(i)本地样本从400 SD调查与中位数z = 0.08,(ii)高红移样本从400 SD调查与中位数z=0.59,和(iii)15个集群从RDCS和WARPS,与中位数z = 0.83。我们的分析是基于测量的表面亮度浓度,c_SB,这使我们能够在低信号噪声数据的特征的冷芯强度。我们还获得了气体密度分布,推导出集群中心冷却时间和熵。除了X射线分析,我们搜索与集群核心相关的无线电同行。我们发现两个高z样本的c_SB分布存在统计学显著差异,这表明在400 SD高z样本中缺乏集中的簇。考虑到这一点,我们证实了一个负的演化的冷核团簇的分数与红移,特别是非常强的冷核。这一结果通过中心熵和中心冷却时间得到了验证,它们与c_SB表现出很强的反相关性。然而,演化量明显小于先前所声称的,为z~1处大量形成良好的冷核留下了空间。

英文摘要:

Cool-core clusters are characterized by strong surface brightness peaks in the X-ray emission from the Intra Cluster Medium (ICM). This phenomenon is associated with complex physics in the ICM and has been a subject of intense debate and investigation in recent years. In order to quantify the evolution in the cool-core cluster population, we robustly measure the cool-core strength in a local, representative cluster sample, and in the largest sample of high-redshift clusters available to date. We use high-resolution Chandra data of three representative cluster samples spanning different redshift ranges: (i) the local sample from the 400 SD survey with median z = 0.08, (ii) the high redshift sample from the 400 SD Survey with median z=0.59, and (iii) 15 clusters drawn from the RDCS and the WARPS, with median z = 0.83. Our analysis is based on the measurement of the surface brightness concentration, c_SB, which allows us to characterize the cool-core strength in low signal-to-noise data. We also obtain gas density profiles to derive cluster central cooling times and entropy. In addition to the X-ray analysis, we search for radio counterparts associated with the cluster cores. We find a statistically significant difference in the c_SB distributions of the two high-z samples, pointing towards a lack of concentrated clusters in the 400 SD high-z sample. Taking this into account, we confirm a negative evolution in the fraction of cool-core clusters with redshift, in particular for very strong cool-cores. This result is validated by the central entropy and central cooling time, which show strong anti-correlations with c_SB. However, the amount of evolution is significantly smaller than previously claimed, leaving room for a large population of well formed cool-cores at z~1.

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