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arXiv 0910.3793astro-ph.CO
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冷核团簇深部高分辨X射线谱

Deep high-resolution X-ray spectra from cool-core clusters

J. S. Sanders, A. C. Fabian, K. A. Frank, J. R. Peterson, H. R. Russell

摘要:

本文研究了Abell 262、Abell 3581和HCG 62这三个亮冷核星系团的X射线核深反射光栅光谱。每个RGS光谱都显示Fe XVII发射线,表明存在0.5 keV左右的气体。没有证据表明O VII排放意味着气体处于更冷的温度。在这些物体中检测到的气体温度的范围分别是Abell 262、Abell 3581和HCG 62的3.7、5.6和2倍。对于Abell 262和Abell 3581,最冷的检测气体的体积填充分数仅为6%和3%,但可能是HCG 62的体积填充。钱德拉空间分辨光谱证实了Abell 262和Abell 3581中冷气体的低体积填充分数,表明这种冷气体以冷斑点的形式存在。任何旨在防止冷却的体积加热机制都会使冷气体的周围环境过热4倍。如果气体辐射冷却到低于0.5keV,则其冷却速率比Abell 262和Abell 3581中的较高温度下的速率低至少一个数量级,并且比HCG 62中的速率低两个数量级。气体可以通过在这些冷滴中混合而非辐射地冷却,其中通过冷却释放的能量以红外线发射。我们发现非常好的协议之间的光滑粒子推断建模的集群和传统的光谱拟合。将该分析的温度分布与冷却流中预期的温度分布进行比较,与先前对冷却流模型的偏差的经验描述相比,在低于0.5 keV的温度下出现更大的突变。

英文摘要:

We examine deep XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectra from the cores of three X-ray bright cool core galaxy clusters, Abell 262, Abell 3581 and HCG 62. Each of the RGS spectra show Fe XVII emission lines indicating the presence of gas around 0.5 keV. There is no evidence for O VII emission which would imply gas at still cooler temperatures. The range in detected gas temperature in these objects is a factor of 3.7, 5.6 and 2 for Abell 262, Abell 3581 and HCG 62, respectively. The coolest detected gas only has a volume filling fraction of 6 and 3 per cent for Abell 262 and Abell 3581, but is likely to be volume filling in HCG 62. Chandra spatially resolved spectroscopy confirms the low volume filling fractions of the cool gas in Abell 262 and Abell 3581, indicating this cool gas exists as cold blobs. Any volume heating mechanism aiming to prevent cooling would overheat the surroundings of the cool gas by a factor of 4. If the gas is radiatively cooling below 0.5 keV, it is cooling at a rate at least an order of magnitude below that at higher temperatures in Abell 262 and Abell 3581 and two-orders of magnitude lower in HCG 62. The gas may be cooling non-radiatively through mixing in these cool blobs, where the energy released by cooling is emitted in the infrared. We find very good agreement between smooth particle inference modelling of the cluster and conventional spectral fitting. Comparing the temperature distribution from this analysis with that expected in a cooling flow, there appears to be a even larger break below 0.5 keV as compared with previous empirical descriptions of the deviations of cooling flow models.

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