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arXiv 1102.5160astro-ph.SR
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沃尔夫-拉叶星的核心坍缩爆炸和与IIb/Ib/Ic型超新星的联系

Core-collapse explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars and the connection to type IIb/Ib/Ic supernovae

Luc Dessart, D. John Hillier, Eli Livne, Sung-Chul Yoon, Stan Woosley, Roni Waldman, Norbert Langer

摘要:

我们提出了超新星(SN)IIb/Ib/Ic光谱和光变曲线的非LTE依赖时间的辐射传输模拟,基于~ 1B能量的活塞驱动的喷出物,有和没有56 Ni,从单个和双沃尔夫-拉叶星(W-R)在太阳和亚太阳金属丰度演化产生的。我们的辐射热光变曲线显示爆发后有一个长达10天的平台期,亮度为1- 5x10^7 Lsun。在我们的富含56镍的模型中,大约3兆太阳的喷出物质量,这个高原之前的20-30天长的重新增亮阶段开始向外扩散的热浪由放射性衰变在深度。在中等混合的低喷射物质量模型中,伽玛射线泄漏早在爆炸后约50天就开始了,并导致星云光度急剧下降约0.02 mag/d。在标准SNe IIb/Ib/Ic中观察到的这种特征与来自双星群体的低质量祖星一致。我们认为,初始质量<20 Msun的恒星,如果是“有效”的单颗,则大多数产生SNe II-P,如果是密近双星系统的一部分,则产生SNe IIb/Ib/Ic,如果质量更大,则产生SN更小的黑洞。我们的喷出物,与外部的氢质量分数低至~>0.01和总氢质量~> 0.001 Msun,产生的特征SN IIb光谱形态在早期。然而,到爆炸后约15天,只有H α可能作为弱吸收特征保留下来。我们的二元模型,其特点是氦表面质量分数~>0.85,系统地显示氦线在后爆发平台,无论56镍丰度。合成光谱显示出对金属丰度的强烈敏感性,这提供了直接从SN光谱建模对其进行约束的可能性。

英文摘要:

We present non-LTE time-dependent radiative-transfer simulations of supernova (SN) IIb/Ib/Ic spectra and light curves, based on ~1B-energy piston-driven ejecta, with and without 56Ni, produced from single and binary Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars evolved at solar and sub-solar metallicities. Our bolometric light curves show a 10-day long post-breakout plateau with a luminosity of 1-5x10^7Lsun. In our 56Ni-rich models, with ~3Msun ejecta masses, this plateau precedes a 20-30-day long re-brightening phase initiated by the outward-diffusing heat wave powered by radioactive decay at depth. In low ejecta-mass models with moderate mixing, Gamma-ray leakage starts as early as ~50d after explosion and causes the nebular luminosity to steeply decline by ~0.02mag/d. Such signatures, which are observed in standard SNe IIb/Ib/Ic, are consistent with low-mass progenitors derived from a binary-star population. We propose that the majority of stars with an initial mass ~<20Msun yield SNe II-P if 'effectively" single, SNe IIb/Ib/Ic if part of a close binary system, and SN-less black holes if more massive. Our ejecta, with outer hydrogen mass fractions as low as ~>0.01 and a total hydrogen mass of ~>0.001Msun, yield the characteristic SN IIb spectral morphology at early times. However, by ~15d after the explosion, only Halpha may remain as a weak absorption feature. Our binary models, characterised by helium surface mass fractions of ~>0.85, systematically show HeI lines during the post-breakout plateau, irrespective of the 56Ni abundance. Synthetic spectra show a strong sensitivity to metallicity, which offers the possibility to constrain it directly from SN spectroscopic modelling.

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