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arXiv 1102.4463astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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麒麟座环的人马座起源

A Sagittarius-Induced Origin for the Monoceros Ring

Leo Michel-Dansac, Mario G. Abadi, Julio F. Navarro, Matthias Steinmetz

摘要:

麒麟座环是一个恒星的集合,它们的轨道接近圆形,距离银河系中心大约18千秒差距。它可能起源于(i)盘对卫星同伴激发的扰动的反应,或(ii)来自破裂的矮星系的潮汐碎片。麒麟座恒星的金属丰度与盘状恒星的金属丰度在银河系中心距离上是不同的,这一观测结果不利于第一种情况。另一方面,圆形轨道很难适应潮汐中断的情况,因为它需要一个卫星,在中断时本身是在一个接近圆形的轨道。这样的卫星不可能在环的位置形成,而且鉴于其质量较低,动力摩擦不可能在其轨道演变中发挥主要作用。我们搜索宇宙学模拟低质量卫星在近圆形轨道,发现它们的结果,几乎总是,从轨道变化引起的碰撞与更大质量的卫星:圆形轨道的半径,从而跟踪银河系的距离碰撞。有趣的是,人马座矮星,银河系最明亮的卫星之一,在一个极地轨道上,它穿过银河平面,与麒麟座的银心距离大致相同。我们使用理想化的模拟来证明,与人马座的相遇很可能导致了麒麟座环的循环和随后的潮汐消亡。

英文摘要:

The Monoceros ring is a collection of stars in nearly-circular orbits at roughly 18 kpc from the Galactic center. It may have originated (i) as the response of the disc to perturbations excited by satellite companions or (ii) from the tidal debris of a disrupted dwarf galaxy. The metallicity of Monoceros stars differs from that of disc stars at comparable Galactocentric distances, an observation that disfavours the first scenario. On the other hand, circular orbits are difficult to accommodate in the tidal-disruption scenario, since it requires a satellite which at the time of disruption was itself in a nearly circular orbit. Such satellite could not have formed at the location of the ring and, given its low mass, dynamical friction is unlikely to have played a major role in its orbital evolution. We search cosmological simulations for low-mass satellites in nearly-circular orbits and find that they result, almost invariably, from orbital changes induced by collisions with more massive satellites: the radius of the circular orbit thus traces the galactocentric distance of the collision. Interestingly, the Sagittarius dwarf, one of the most luminous satellites of the Milky Way, is in a polar orbit that crosses the Galactic plane at roughly the same Galactocentric distance as Monoceros. We use idealized simulations to demonstrate that an encounter with Sagittarius might well have led to the circularization and subsequent tidal demise of the progenitor of the Monoceros ring.

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